由此，作者提出了三态相互平衡的理论，并阐述了实现三态平衡的途径。
Therefore, the author raises a theory on the three condition balance, and expounds the way to realize the balance of the three conditions.
我可以很慢，很稳定地经过这条路径，因此在这条路径上的任意一点，气体都处于平衡态。
I could have that path be very slow and steady, so that at every point along the way, my gas is an equilibrium.
我们可以，在这两个平衡态间往返，它们是相互联系的。
We can go back and forth between these two equilibrium states They're connected.
或是在平衡态？
特别地，为什么熵的混合，对于平衡态如此重要。
Specifically, how entropy of mixing really becomes key to equilibrium.
它们不会再呆在平衡态。
这些依赖于热力学,和平衡态的性质。
They also do depend on thermodynamics and where equilibrium states are.
他的工作也从数学上更严格地解决了另一个统计物理学问题，即高度组织的系统，比如压缩气体是如何快速发散并达到其平衡态？
It brings rigor to another question of statistical physics: How quickly does a highly organized system, such as compressed gas about to be released, reach its disordered equilibrium state?
但是，如果我们知道，物质在固相，液相和气相中所有可能态的能量，统计力学告诉我们，我们可以计算这些相的平衡问题。
But again, if you know all the energies of the possible states, in the solid, in the liquid and the gas, statistical mechanics shows us that we can calculate the equilibrium between those.
给定条件下平衡态是什么样子。
但是如果系统处于平衡态，所有其他的态都不可能具有更低的自由焓。
But if the system is in equilibrium, none of those states has lower enthalpy.
你们所有人，我相信，都见过了平衡态方程。
You all, I'm sure you've all seen equations about equilibrium.
在平衡态固相和液相的化学势相等，固相和气相一样。
And turning the crank at equilibrium, being equal between the solid phase and the liquid phase.
你可以选择光滑的连续路径，在初末态间有,无数个平衡态的点，压强和温度同时一点,一点地下降。
You could take a continuous path, where you have an infinite equilibrium points in between the two, a smooth path, whereyoudrop pressureand temperature simultaneosly in little increments.
这就是平衡态。
有些处于平衡态。
话句话说，哪个是平衡态？
它们不是平衡态。
标准的平衡态问题。
这意味着我们得担心，如果我们想要知道反应，会达到什么平衡态，必须要担心这个问题。
So that means that we're going to have to worry about, if we're going to want to know at which state the process is in equilibrium, you're going to have to worry about this issue right here.
平衡态时，我们知道，这边A的分压强，等于这边A的分压。
At equilibrium, I know that the partial pressure of a on that side here has to be equal to the pressure of a here.
Villani同时彻底解决了一个由来已久的关于等离子体的熵和平衡态的问题。
Villani has also brought closure to a long-standing question concerning entropy and equilibrium in the "ion gases" known as plasmas.
了这座热力学的坚固大厦，这是一门，平衡态系统，的科学。
And added a structure of math upon it, to build this edifice, which is a very solid edifice of thermodynamics as a science of equilibrium systems.
现在我们要展示一种记号，来标记我们如何，从这里描述的，这样的一个平衡态过渡到另一个平衡态？
Now we want to show a notation, how do we go from one equilibrium state like this describes to another equilibrium state?
如果你有摩尔数，和两个强度量，你就能知道关于这个系统的一切，关于系统的平衡态的一切。
If you have the number of moles and two intensive variables, then you know everything there is to know about the system.
这个量你们以前见过，我肯定，在平衡态时。
你如何有相当，相当狭窄的能态分布，能在平衡时。
How you have a very, very narrow distribution of system energy states at equilibrium.
就像理想气体在平衡态。
平衡态是一个，而且仅仅是一个态，这个态不会发生自发变化，变成其他的态。
The equilibrium state is the one, and it's just one, in which there are no spontaneous changes that can take place to any other state.
如果是零意味着，处于平衡态实际上应该就在这。
And if it's zero, that means that we're in equilibrium, that we're actually sitting down here.
应用推荐