当地底下的压力生成时，岩浆喷发。
火山岩透过地幔中部份熔融的软流层渗入到地壳，岩浆喷发，海山由此形成。
Seamounts form from magmatic eruptions, which occur when lava seeps up to the crust through the partially-melted sub-layer, known as the asthenosphere, in the mantle.
琼北第四纪火山区分布着为数众多、大小不一的射气岩浆喷发成因的低平火山口。
Maars of various scales produced by phreatomagmatic eruption are widely distributed in the Quaternary volcanic region of the Northern Hainan Island.
岩浆火山通道为主要气源体气藏的形成分成岩浆喷发前、岩浆喷发、火山通道埋藏与成藏三个阶段。
The reservoir based on magma volcanic conduit also has three phases: before magma effusion, effusion and volcanic conduit bury and reservoir-forming.
这座高达2582米（9357英尺）的成层火山（百科看 这里——译注）顶部被一层30平方公里的冰川（10平方英里）所覆盖，大部分冰雪都积聚在山顶南部和东部因岩浆喷发所形成的盆地中。
The 2,582-meter (9,357-foot) stratovolcano is mantled by a 30-square-kilometer (10-square-mile) glacier field, most of it amassed south and east of the summit in a basin made by a caldera depression.
这座火山向空气中喷发了新的岩浆和火山灰。
The volcano threw new showers of magma and ash into the air.
富士山或乞力马扎罗山经典的圆锥形是由喷发的岩浆堆积而成的。
The classic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro are created when erupting magma piles up.
在水下，火山依旧持续喷发，向上喷射岩浆并形成了一座座玄武岩山峰。
Under the water, volcanoes continued to erupt, sending up magma and forming mountains of basalt.
1979年，夏威夷大岛的基拉韦厄火山喷发出岩浆，一株梯蕨从裂缝中钻了出来。
A ladder fern springs from a crack in the 1979 lava flows from Kilauea Volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii.
我们至今仍然不知道地壳之下是为何物，但是这个理论遗漏了一个问题：如果地球是空心的，那么火山喷发而出的那些岩浆来自何处？
We don’t know for sure what’s under our earth’s crust but this theory completely forgets to mention where the magma that erupts from volcanoes comes from if the earth is hollow.
当厚厚的岩浆和气体大量在地表下聚集起来，就会出现爆炸性喷发，将熔岩，岩石和火山灰喷向空中。
When thick magma and large amounts of gas build up under the surface, eruptions can be explosive, expelling lava, rocks and ash into the air.
但是在水下，火山依旧喷发，滚滚岩浆形成了玄武岩的山脉。
But under the water, volcanoes continued to erupt, sending up magma and forming mountains of basalt.
就灶神星而言，望远镜曾发现过它表面喷发过玄武岩岩浆的证据。
In the case of Vesta, telescopes have spied evidence for the eruption of lava (basalt) on its surface.
火山喷发时人们很少被岩浆碰上。
一百万年前，熔化的岩浆在海波之上爆发性喷发出来。
A million years ago, molten magma explosively burst above the waves.
尽管下一次喷发的岩浆有可能还是循着类似的路径流淌，但这条路线上已经出现了由桉树板和薄金属板搭成的数千棚户。
Though the next eruption will likely follow a similar path, thousands of homes, shacks of hand-hewn eucalyptus boards and sheet-metal roofs, have been built directly atop the old flow.
岩浆能喷发出地表，并通过火山峰顶形成熔岩流(大多情况会形成火山口)，但它也能通过火山山体侧面的火山岩圆顶和侧面出口喷发出来。
Magma can erupt to the surface and form lava flows through the volcano's summit (frequently forming a crater), but it can also erupt from lava domes and flank vents along the volcano's sides.
看到这里大量的枕状熔岩，辛顿立刻产生一个假设：也许该区域的海山都形成自同一次火山喷发的多条岩浆流？
There are lots of pillow lavas here too, prompting Sinton to form a hypothesis: perhaps the seamounts in this region formed from the same volcanic eruption, made up of many flows?
第二次喷发融化了大量的冰川冰，使岩浆冷却碎裂成砂质玻璃微粒，被上升的火山灰柱带走。
The second eruption, however, melted a large amount of glacial ice which then cooled and fragmented lava into gritty glass particles that were carried up with the rising volcanic plume.
2002年尼拉贡戈火山再次喷发，岩浆流向首都戈马和基武湖岸。
Nyiragongo erupted again in 2002, sending flows toward the city of Goma and the shores of Lake Kivu.
最近一次大规模喷发：1945年，喷涌出0.25立方千米岩浆。
Last major eruption: 1945, expelled a quarter cubic kilometer of magma.
相关新闻：“维苏威火山岩浆房上升，或许将会有较缓和的喷发”，2008年9月10日
Related news: "Vesuvius Magma Chamber Rising; May Mean Milder Eruption" [September 10, 2008].
最近一次大规模喷发： 2006年5月发生的地震引发的岩浆活动造成5000人死亡。 2007年，喷发的火山灰甚至到达了将近4000米的海拔高度。
Last major eruption: An earthquakeassociated with magmatic activity killed more than 5,000 people in May2006, and an ash eruption in 2007 reached an altitude of nearly 4miles.
据马施的经验，一般情况下，火山学家只能就凝结成岩的岩浆做一些“马后炮”的工作，或者在火山喷发的时候以熔岩为研究材料。
Normally, he said, volcanologists have to do "postmortem studies" of long-solidified magmas or study active lava.
列入关注的理由：默拉皮火山属于普林尼式喷发，大约每千年大规模爆发一次（喷涌而出的岩浆总量可达1立方千米，漫天飞扬的火山灰足有20至50千米高）。
Reasons to worry: Merapi is capable of producing a Plinian eruption (spewing at least 1 cubic kilometer of magma and producing 20 to 50 kilometer-high ash columns)every 1,000 years or so.
像宽干谷这样爆裂的火山口形成于蒸汽喷发的过程中，在那里，上升的岩浆与地表下的水接触形成了蒸汽喷发。
Volcanic explosion craters such as Dallol form during phreatic eruptions—where rising magma comes into contact with water beneath the surface of the Earth, causing a steam explosion.
最近一次大规模喷发：2002年火山爆发产生的高速岩浆流至今还在流淌。
Last major eruption: an eruption in 2002 produced fast-moving lava flows and is still going today.
意大利西西群岛的埃塔纳火山同样也有如此动态的图片，图片中不仅有喷发时的火山灰柱，旁边的桔黄色亮线就是顺山口流下的岩浆。
Equally dramatic shots of mount Etna in Sicily, Italy, shows the mountain erupting with plumes of smoke, while a line of bright orange lava can be seen snaking down the side.
意大利西西群岛的埃塔纳火山同样也有如此动态的图片，图片中不仅有喷发时的火山灰柱，旁边的桔黄色亮线就是顺山口流下的岩浆。
Equally dramatic shots of mount Etna in Sicily, Italy, shows the mountain erupting with plumes of smoke, while a line of bright orange lava can be seen snaking down the side.
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