典型的是，高层管理者负责制定公司层的战略，中层管理者负责制定事业层战略，低层管理者负责制定职能层战略。
Top-level managers typically are responsible for corporate strategies; middle-level managers, for business or competitive strategies; and lower-level managers, for the functional strategies.
标准可管理性资源的定义在管理者和用于检测资源的不同管理协议之间创建了集成层。
Standard manageable resource definitions create an integration layer between managers and the different management protocols used to instrument resources.
处于管理层外的股东要牢记，给那些管理者以股票只能对其管理有帮助，但是并不能代替公司管理。
Outside shareholders should remember that loading up the people at the top with shares can be an aid to corporate governance, but not a substitute for it.
企业管理倾向于以企业为中心。企业管理者也认为每一个计划，行动方向必须从管理层开始，自上而下一级一级地实施下来。
Management tends to be 'corporate-centred' and thinks that every piece of planning and direction has to start at the top and be 'cascaded down', hierarchically.
他们是连接最高管理层与一线管理者的关键“结点”。
They serve as the strategic “knot” that binds top management with front-line managers.
技术技能在较低层次的管理层中比较重要，这个层次的管理者必须处理具体的问题。
Technical skills are shown to be more important at lower management levels, where supervisors must deal with concrete problems.
许多好事之人，不论是律师，还是人力资源管理者，正在发起针对办公室恋情的战争，他们尤其反对不同管理层人员之间的恋情。
A regiment of busybodies—from lawyers to human-resources functionaries—is waging war on office romance, particularly between people of different ranks.
在业务层，我们已有BusinessLayerProxy，它实现了IBusinessLayer接口并充当了整个业务层的管理者或控制器(如图4所示)。
In the business layer we already have a BusinessLayerProxy, which realizes the IBusinessLayer interface and ACTS as a manager or controller for the entire business layer (see Figure 4).
在“Web2.0”时代，巴茨女士要管理的公司跟谷歌、Facebook和其他同行一样，需要处于大学生年龄层的城市青年，像她的女儿莱恩一样——管理者六十岁的高龄实在大了点儿。
Ms Bartz, at 60, is strikingly old to be running a “Web 2.0” company that, along with Google and Facebook and the rest, needs street cred among college-age kids like Ms Bartz’s own daughter, Layne.
中间的内部庭院为管理者提供充足的阳光，并且将服务用房放置在一层的北边。
Inner courtyards in the middle provide abundant sunlight for Administration and services are on the north side of first floor.
WLAN的mac层是无线资源的管理者，起着控制用户接入和分配资源的作用。
MAC layer in WLAN, the manager of wireless resources, controls user data to access wireless media and allocates the resources to users.
经济和市场的风险是管理者们最大的担忧，这几乎困扰着四分之三的管理层。
Economic and market risk is the biggest worry for executives, troubling three out of every four.
管理层拥有的权力、地位和声誉等因素对管理者的激励作用甚至会远远大于工资、福利等物质因素。
Intangible factors such as power, status and fame of the management provide much greater impetus to managers than some materials factors like wage and welfare.
上市公司内部审计的客户包括经营管理者、审计委员会、高级管理层、供应者、顾客、投资者、外部管制者、外部审计师。
The customers of publicly listed companies are operational managers, audit committee, top management, suppliers, clients, investors, external regulators, and external auditors.
当前我国管理层持股与公司绩效仍处于同向变动阶段，因此上市公司应该通过积极增加管理者持股水平来提升公司绩效。
In Chinese companies now, managerial ownership and performance are moving in the same direction, so companies should increase the managerial ownership to promote the corporation performance.
当前我国管理层持股与公司绩效仍处于同向变动阶段，因此上市公司应该通过积极增加管理者持股水平来提升公司绩效。
In Chinese companies now, managerial ownership and performance are moving in the same direction, so companies should increase the managerial ownership to promote the corporation performance.
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