加尔文和马丁以葡萄干行业为例，观察了过去不断上升的就业成本是如何促使人们采用节省劳动力的农业技术的。
Calvin and Martin have observed how rising employment costs led to the adoption of labour-saving farm technology in the past, citing the raisin industry as an example.
这使劳动力市场更加平稳，最终为当地人创造了更多的就业机会。
This "smooths" the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals.
铁路建设方面的就业机会也吸引了许多习惯于季节性和临时性工作的农村劳动力。
The availability of jobs in railway construction attracted many rural laborers accustomed to seasonal and temporary employment.
目前，创造的就业岗位只能勉强跟上劳动力增长的速度。虽然失业率已经开始下降，但仍然特别高，尤其是在年轻人和受过教育的人当中。
At the moment, job creation is barely keeping up with the growing labor force, and although unemployment rates are falling, they remain excessively high, especially among the young and educated.
关键问题在于，这一下降是因为再就业还是因为劳动力流失。
A key question is whether the drop is due to reemployment or departures from the Labour force.
并排摆在我们面前的是稀缺的劳动力与并不乐观的就业前景，所以人们不禁要问：如果大学毕业生们能够降低要求，去当一名蓝领工人，那么情况又将怎样呢？
What we have is a labor shortage and gloomy job prospects existing side-by-side, so some people are asking: What would happen if college grads were to lower their expectations and take a factory job?
因此，对劳动力和就业的推测结果很大程度上取决于人口普查局关于哪些人算作美国人的界定。
The resulting estimates of the Labour force and employment thus depend heavily on what Census thinks the entire population is.
但是即使采取了额外支持措施，劳动力市场依然阴霾密布。经济信心也许慢慢恢复，但是就业回暖恐怕有得等了。
But even with this extra support, labour-market portents still look grim. Economic confidence may be slowly returning, but it will take a lot longer for employment to recover.
劳动保护结果是这样，这是多么讽刺啊！欧洲的女性劳动力就业率普遍低下。
How ironic that, as a result of labor protections, female labor force participation rates are systematically lower in Europe.
美国用于激活劳动力市场政策的支出，譬如培训和就业指导等的支出，仅占gdp的0.17%，远低于经合组织的平均水准。
America spends only 0.17% of GDP on active labour-market policies, such as training and job search, far less than the OECD average.
造成这种结果的原因包括：石油富裕国援助的减少，阿拉伯地区劳动力在海湾国家就业机会的减少，以及石油富裕国流入资源贫乏国的资金的减少。
The reasons include less aid from oil-rich countries, fewer job opportunities for Arab laborers in the Gulf, and less money flowing from oil rich countries to resource-poor countries.
健全面向全体劳动者的职业教育培训制度，加强农村富余劳动力转移就业培训。
We will improve vocational education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas.
美国经济的衰退对于资本和劳动力而言是残酷的。就业和利润率双双大幅度下降。
AMERICA's recession was cruel to capital and Labour: both employment and profit margins collapsed.
为避免在不久的未来出现劳动力短缺，欧盟希望欧洲经济大国排除女性就业障碍，让女性加入劳动大军。
The EU wants Europe's biggest economy to avoid loominglabour shortages in future by dismantlingbarriers to women entering the workforce.
墨西哥每年有80万人进入劳动力市场，而所能提供的正当就业机会却只有这个数字的四分之一。
Nowadays, Mexico creates decent jobs for only around a quarter of the 800,000 who join its workforce each year.
美国的劳动力市场还没有产生充分增长的就业机会来降低失业率。
America's Labour markets have yet to generate job growth sufficient to bring down the unemployment rate.
失业率下降的原因不是因为创造了就业机会，而是因为愿意工作的人群，也就是劳动力队伍，并没有扩大。
The reason is that unemployment is falling not just because of job creation but because the pool of people who want to work, the Labour force, is not growing.
土耳其只有劳动力44%的就业率是经合组织富国俱乐部的最低水平。
The employment rate, only 44% of the workforce, is the lowest in the OECD rich-country club.
在劳动力总量增加较多、就业压力很大的情况下，保持了就业形势的基本稳定。
The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.
而女性就业率较低的国家，差距也较小，这是由于劳动力中不太熟练的或是生手的妇女所占比例太小。
Where the female employment rate is low there is usually a smaller gap, because of the small proportion of low-skilled or unskilled women in the workforce.
全球化在劳动力市场建设和就业岗位流动方面有什么作用？
What is the role of globalization in shaping labor markets and job mobility?
这种转变的结果将导致更加劳动密集型的增长，创造更多的城市就业，并由劳动力需求上升对工资产生上行压力。
Such a shift would result in more labor-intensive growth, with more urban job creation as well as more upward pressure on wages from the higher demand for labor.
失业比就业更打击人心，这表明那些找不到工作的人口并不打算离开劳动力队伍，如同他们努力做的那样。
The fact that unemployment gives a gloomier impression than employment suggests that people who fail to find work are not leaving the labour force as much as they typically did.
这没什么可说的，但是既然人口在不断增长，为了安置更多的劳动力，德州就要比全国其它地区更快地创造就业岗位。
There’s nothing wrong with that; but given that rising population, Texas needs to create jobs more rapidly than the rest of the country just to keep up with a growing work force.
到世纪交替之际，新就业岗位占劳动力总数的比例达到了惊人的55%，其中三分之二岗位所在的行业薪酬高于平均水平。
A stunning 55 per cent of the total workforce was in new jobs by the turn of the century, two-thirds of them in industries that paid more than the average wage.
到世纪交替之际，新就业岗位占劳动力总数的比例达到了惊人的55%，其中三分之二岗位所在的行业薪酬高于平均水平。
A stunning 55 per cent of the total workforce was in new jobs by the turn of the century, two-thirds of them in industries that paid more than the average wage.
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