本课程主要介绍比较文学的一般原理，并结合具体案例对比较文学学派及类型论、例论、介论、学论、潮论等问题进行具体的分析。
This course covers the general principles of comparative literature, with some specific analyses of the schools, modes, examples, translation, poetics and trends from the perspective of case-study.
这种结合不对称、解剖学和偶然性的进化论机制并未提供一种充分的解释，以说明蜗牛的右旋何以会成为主要的旋向。
This evolutionary mechanism combining dissymmetry, anatomy, and chance does not provide an adequate explanation of why right-handedness should have become predominant.
至于通过论据或明显的论据而奏效的说服：正如在辩证法中一方面有归纳推理，另一方面有三段论或明显的三段论一样，在修辞学中也是如此。
With regard to the persuasion achieved by proof or apparent proof: just as in dialectic there is induction on the one hand and syllogism or apparent syllogism on the other, so it is in rhetoric.
ESS是博弈论中定义的一个概念，但它同样也适用于经济学、生物学、心理学和软件开发。
The ESS is a concept defined in game theory, but it applies just as well to economics, biology, psychology, and software development.
博弈论最初起源于经济学，用来分析企业、市场、消费者等的行为。
Game theory was initially developed in economics to understand behavior of firms, markets, consumers etc.
给出信息的定义后，书中进一步说明了信息论在生物学、物理学、经济学、社会学和哲学的应用。
Once he has defined information, Mr Vedral proceeds to show how information theory can be applied to biology, physics, economics, sociology and philosophy.
对于没有机会了解生物学或者自然科学的人来说，那些超自然学说信奉者的主张可能比进化论更令他们信服。
For those who have never had the opportunity to find out about biology or science, claims made by those who believe in supernatural alternatives to evolutionary theory can appear convincing.
很少有能够形成修辞学三段论基础的“必要”类型的事实。
There are few facts of the "necessary" type that can form the basis of rhetorical syllogisms.
宇宙学中的大爆炸模型可以追溯到20世纪初的两个核心思想：广义相对论和宇宙学原理。
The Big Bang model of cosmology rests on two key ideas that date back to the early 20th century: General Relativity and the Cosmological Principle.
但是近年来，它成为生物学最热门的新领域之一，就像弦论之于物理学，或像寻找外星生命之于天文学。
But in recent years, it has emerged as one of the hottest new fields in biology, similar to string theory in physics or the search for extraterrestrial life in astronomy.
但在阅读这一研究之前我认为我也和许多人一样不假思索地认为有关心理健康问题的“生物学因素”论对解决偏见是有着固然价值的。
But before reading this research I think I also assumed, unthinkingly, like many people, that a "biological cause" story about mental health problems was inherently valuable for combating stigma.
此领域与数据挖掘密切相关，并且经常需要使用各种技巧，包括统计学、概率论和模式识别等。
The field is closely related to data mining and often USES techniques from statistics, probability theory, pattern recognition, and a host of other areas.
无法欣赏现代宇宙学美妙的全景、DNA和达尔文的进化论是文化的缺失。
It is a cultural deprivation not to appreciate the wonderful panorama offered by modern cosmology, DNA and Darwinian evolution.
在这些国家的成功面前，人们很容易忘记一些研究发展经济学的经济学家曾担忧过的“出口宿命论”，他们相信贫穷的国家在国际市场的冒险带来的所得甚少。
Given their success, it is easy to forget that some development economists were once prey to "export fatalism". Poor countries, they believed, had little to gain from venturing into the world market.
信号处理、成像、医学成像、地质学、生物信息学、编码理论、信息论、控制系统……它几乎已经扩散到每一个工程学科与领域。
Signal processing, imaging, medical imaging, geology, bioinformatics, coding theory, information theory, control systems... It has been disseminated to almost every engineering field.
社会学应该是社会的物理学，要采用牛顿力学的认识论模式来进行构造。
Sociology should be social physics, shaped according to the epistemological pattern of Newtonian mechanics.
尽管经常被误读为国家自大的表现，但“美国特殊论”代表着一种社会学现实。
Often misread as an expression of national arrogance, "American exceptionalism" denotes a sociological fact.
但进化论生物学现在正在进行修正。
戴维斯的研究侧重于宇宙论、量子场理论和太空生物学。
Davies' research focuses on cosmology, quantum field theory and astrobiology.
《被子植物的风媒进化》——生态学及进化论趋势17：361 - 369。
"The evolution of wind pollination in angiosperms." Trends in Ecology and evolution 17:361-369.
其实他对遗传或是遗传学根本是一无所知，而这两个对进化论很关键。
He knew nothing of heredity or genetics, both crucial to evolution.
福克兰群岛狼在人类的大肆捕杀下未能活到二十世纪。 然而，倒霉的福克兰群岛狼却在有生之年为年轻的达尔文揭开了一个生物学谜团，并帮助达尔文最终形成了他的进化论。
Genetic analysis of the now-extinct Falkland Islands Wolf has answered a biological riddle that caught the attention of a young Charles Darwin, and helped shape his understanding of evolution.
福克兰群岛狼在人类的大肆捕杀下未能活到二十世纪。 然而，倒霉的福克兰群岛狼却在有生之年为年轻的达尔文揭开了一个生物学谜团，并帮助达尔文最终形成了他的进化论。
Genetic analysis of the now-extinct Falkland Islands Wolf has answered a biological riddle that caught the attention of a young Charles Darwin, and helped shape his understanding of evolution.
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