今天我想谈谈恒星对早期航海者的重要性，以及恒星的固定模式是如何被用作助航工具的。
Today I want to talk about the importance of stars for early seafarers, about how the fixed patterns of stars were used as navigational aids.
通过这项研究，研究人员调查了早期的学术关注和社会情感技能，以及它们分别是如何影响青少年学术成就的。
With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.
关于如何鉴别或归类早期的时代，人们没有达成多少共识。
There was not much agreement about how to identify or categorize earlier eras.
这就提出了一个问题，如果鞋子设计想在早期凉鞋的基础上有所改进，新材料和设计技术如何提供新的解决方案？
This raised the question if the design of a shoe was an evolution of the early sandal and how can new materials and design techniques provide new solutions?
对于这些早期文学作品的不安，其核心是两个基本问题：首先，希腊文学的两部杰作是如何横空出世的？
At the heart of the unease about these earliest works of literature were two fundamental questions: first, how could Greek literature have been born ex nihilo with two masterpieces?
这种无法回忆起早期经历的现象该如何解释呢？
How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained?
到目前为止，我们整个学期都在讨论如何修复和保护艺术品，比如古代壁画、早期油画等等。
So far we have been talking all semester about restoring and preserving pieces of art, like ancient frescos, early oil paintings, etc.
就像20世纪90年代互联网发展的早期一样，鲜少有人能预见互联网将如何改变我们的生活和世界。
Just as in the early days of the Internet in the 1990s, few could see how it could change our life and the world.
通过早期和连续的反馈，我们了解了如何改进应用程序，而迭代的方法为我们提供了逐渐实现这些变更的机会。
Through early and continuous feedback, we learn how to improve the application, and the iterative approach provides us with the opportunity to implement those changes incrementally.
然而，正如我们已经提到的，早期采用者最常询问的问题是如何标识正确的服务。
However, as already stated, the question most frequently asked by early adopters is how to identify the right services.
不过，他们也指出，该套理论仍然处于概念化的早期阶段，在他们懂得如何去将它精确化之前，还有很长的一段路要走。
However, they note that the theory is still in the early conceptual stages, and has a long way to go before they know how accurate it is.
虽然目前还不清楚这些细胞如何反映特定疾病，但早期研究的前景良好。
While it's not yet clear how well those cells reflect the specific diseases, early research is promising.
科特的书探讨了他通过经历早期的困难和葆有永无止境的学习的热望如何做到这些的。
Kotter’s book set out to explore how he did it, through early hardship and a never-ending thirst for learning.
如果这就是早期羽毛，那它们是如何从扁平的鳞片进化而来呢？
If they were early feathers, how had they evolved from flat scales?
如何才能确保早期采用者能添加足够的内容，以便其他人能在稍后发现其价值呢？
How can you make sure that your early adopters add enough data so that others can find value later?
这些图像，就像他们上面的光一样，给解决暗物质如何构建早期宇宙带来了希望。
The resulting image casts light, as it were, on the question of how “dark matter” was distributed in the early universe.
这些图像，就像他们上面的光一样，给解决暗物质如何构建早期宇宙带来了希望。
The resulting image casts light, as it were, on the question of how "dark matter" was distributed in the early universe.
可能‘始祖鸟’不在鸟类的直系血缘上，但它从某些程度上说是早期实验如何构建像鸟一样的身躯的一部分。
Maybe Archaeopteryx wasn't on the direct ancestral line to birds, but was part of an early experimentation in how to build a bird-like body.
因此，注意寒冷暴露的早期迹象和症状警告以及如何预防问题显得十分重要。
It's important to be aware of the early warning signs and symptoms of cold exposure and how to prevent problems.
天体物理学家对新发现的星系很感兴趣，并试图去理解这些早期天体如何在星际空间内交换气体。
The newly discovered galaxy is interesting to astrophysicists trying to understand how these early objects changed gas in interstellar space.
而在4.3米下的地方，我们做了一个有趣的发现：赛巴尔早期住民如何修筑他们那些已经相当大的建筑的证据。
And about 4.3 meters down we made a very interesting discovery: evidence of how the earliest inhabitants at Ceibal built their already fairly large buildings.
令其他党内高层人士吃惊的是，他自己在今年早期的时候出了一本书，讲他是如何盘活共和党的资金的。
To the surprise of other senior party figures, he produced a book early this year about how to revive Republican fortunes.
早期研究证明"红色河流“的颜色是由于氧化铁导致，但是铁如何到了冰川表面这仍然是个迷。
Earlier research indicates the color of Blood Falls is due to oxidized iron, but how the iron got to the surface of the glacier remained a mystery.
如何加强国家在监测、早期发现、诊断和报告动物及人类病例方面的能力。
How to increase country capacity in surveillance, early detection, diagnosis and reporting of cases - both animal and human.
EJB 3.0规范的早期版本并没有明确解决如何定义全局资源的问题。
The early draft if the EJB 3.0 specification does not clearly address how to define global resources.
那么随之而来的问题是，列宁在1914年后如何看待自己早期对考茨基的推崇呢？
The question arises, how did Lenin after 1914 regard his own earlier admiration for Kautsky?
届时，霍金将论证一个终极问题，即早期宇宙中微小的量子涨落是如何成为后来形成星系、恒星以及人类的火种。
In the talk, he will argue that tiny quantum fluctuations in the very early universe became the seeds from which galaxies, stars, and ultimately human life emerged.
这个领域早期的大量工作都是如何理智的做出决定，但是人类的多数决定并不是基于有意识的推理。
"A lot of the early work in this field was on conscious decision making, but most of the decisions you make aren't based on conscious reasoning, " says Pouget.
这个领域早期的大量工作都是如何理智的做出决定，但是人类的多数决定并不是基于有意识的推理。
"A lot of the early work in this field was on conscious decision making, but most of the decisions you make aren't based on conscious reasoning, " says Pouget.
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