最后，考察了新的观测变量对契约设计的影响。
Finally, how new observation variable affected the contract design was provided.
契约设计这样的概念允许我们在类中定义一些约束和限制。
The concept of Design by Contract allows you to define some constraints and invariants of your class. Statically typed languages have a primitive version of this.
对于没有按照推荐的契约设计策略而设计的服务，试图组合它们会很困难。
Trying to compose services that are not designed according to the recommended contract design policies will be hard. It will e.g.
这个能力由推荐的契约设计策略支持(在SOAMM图中由虚线椭圆标出)。
This capability is supported by the recommended contract design policies (indicated by the dotted oval in the SOAMM figure).
通过在公共分析和设计过程中强制使用这些规则来实现服务契约设计的一致性。
The realization of consistent contract design is then attained via the disciplined use of these conventions within common analysis and design processes.
信息不对称情况下的契约设计已成为利益协调研究领域中的新热点。
Contract designing under information asymmetry condition has becomed a new hotspot problem in profit-coordination field.
信息不对称情况下的契约设计已成为供应链协调研究领域中的新热点。
Contract designing under information asymmetry condition has became a new hotspot problem in supply chain coordination field.
包括社会资本嵌入机制在内的契约设计可以拓展契约自我实施的范围。
The contractual design methods including embedded social capital can expand the scope of contract self-enforcing.
信息不对称是契约理论中的核心概念，也是交易契约设计的最根本原因。
Informational asymmetries are the key concept in contract theory, are also the most prime cause of transaction contract design.
通过一个委托代理模型分析，分析会计信息与经理人激励契约设计的关系。
Our paper use a model of client-agent to analyse the relation between accounting information and the design of managers' incentive contracts.
这篇文章则描述了那篇版本管理文章中推荐的契约设计策略与SOA成熟度模型是如何关联起来的。
This article is about showing how the recommended contract design policies from the versioning article relate to a SOA Maturity Model.
要记住重用和可重用性的区别；避免针对未来才使用（重用）服务的广泛的潜在消费者进行投机性契约设计。
Note the distinction between reuse and reusability; don’t try to do speculative contract design for a broad range of potential future consumers that may (re)use the service.
理论上，最优的契约在两种效应间进行权衡，但在实践中后者的效应在一定程度上限制了契约设计的可行性。
In terms of the theory, the optimal contract tradeoff between these effects, but in practice, the latter effect limits the feasibility of the contract design to some extent.
通过应用选择权的观念推导三种不同的绩效诱因契约设计，对于抑制经理人自利性风险调整行为倾向有较好的效果。
Applying the idea of option incentives, this paper derives three different performance-based incentive contract designs that prove effective in constraining the egoist risk-adjustment behavior.
测试是围绕契约而不是设计进行的。
其他组件依赖的是契约而不是设计。
这一问题关心服务契约的设计。
注意，在生产部署时可以关闭契约式设计测试，以消除它们的开销。
Note that Design by Contract tests can be turned off in production deployments to remove their overhead.
这两种功能都支持站点的要求和合适的契约模型的设计。
Both of these features support a site's requirements, and the design of an appropriate contract model.
松散——所有不兼容的更改导致服务契约的新版本，且服务契约的设计既支持向后兼容，也支持向前兼容。
Loose - Any incompatible change results in a new version of the service contract and the contract is designed to support backwards compatibility and forwards compatibility.
理解了用AOP实现契约式设计的必要基础设施后，就可以让它工作了。
Now that you understand the necessary infrastructure for implementing Design by Contract with AOP, you can put it to work.
灵活——所有不兼容的更改导致服务契约的新版本，契约的设计支持向后兼容，但不支持前兼容。
Flexible - Any incompatible change results in a new version of the service contract, and the contract is designed to support backwards compatibility but not forwards compatibility.
编写契约式设计测试，实际上可以不需要Contract4J。
You don't really need Contract4J to write Design by Contract tests.
契约式设计的一个主要优势是，它在接口或类本身当中提供了关于预期行为的显式信息。
One of the major benefits of Design by Contract is that it provides explicit information within the interface or class itself about expected behavior.
契约式设计是一种发现和修复代码中逻辑错误的工具。
Design by contract is a tool for finding and fixing logic bugs in code.
正如前面提到过的，单元测试和契约式设计用不同的方式实现类似的目标。
As previously noted, it is true that unit testing and Design by Contract accomplish similar objectives by different means.
为了你的内部需要，你要使用契约式设计进而来使用类，因为你已经在你的组织中控制开发人员。
For your internal needs, you want to use Design by Contract since you have control over the developers in your organization that will use the classes.
契约式设计(或“契约式编程”)并不是编程领域的新概念，许多语言中已经有类似的实现了。
Design by Contract, or programming by Contract, is not a new concept in programming, many languages already having such implementations.
契约式设计避免了额外的编码并提高了性能，只要所有的客户都遵守契约。
Design by contract avoids extra code and improves performance, as long as all clients of a class abide by the contract.
契约式设计避免了额外的编码并提高了性能，只要所有的客户都遵守契约。
Design by contract avoids extra code and improves performance, as long as all clients of a class abide by the contract.
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