所以即使在正常条件下，这些亚物种间的基因流动也更像是一条断断续续的细流，而不是一条不停流淌的小溪。
So, even under normal situations, the gene flow among the subpopulations is more of an intermittent trickle than a steady stream.
广义上讲，性状遗传性衡量的是群体成员间的差异在多大程度上可以用基因差异解释。
In broad terms, the heritability of a trait measures the extent to which differences among members of a population can be explained by differences in their genetics.
在亚群体间缺乏基因流动时，群体间的遗传差异开始累积。
In the absence of gene flow between the subpopulations, genetic differences between the groups begin to accumulate.
如果我们有一个巨大的人类基因组数据库，那么你可以了解遗传间的相互作用。
If we could have a big enough database of human genomes then you can see the interplay of genetics.
也可能是因为人类使用了抗生素，所以加速抗药基因在物种间的循环。
Another possibility is that human antibiotic use has promoted the circulation of resistance genes to other species.
包括来自于“底层”的物理和化学因素，也就是分子间的作用，影响了上层的基因、染色体、细胞、组织和生物体。
They include constraints imposed "from below" by physics and chemistry, that is, from molecular interactions upwards, through genes, chromosomes, cells, tissues and organisms.
一个拥有单一共同祖先且允许物种间部分基因彼此交换的模式甚至更优于树形生命模式。
A model that had a single common ancestor and allowed for some gene - swapping among species was even better than a simple tree of life.
我们的方法就是抓住谜团中的复杂部分，分析所有这些基因间的互动如何导致长寿。
And that's what this method does - it captures the complexity of the puzzle and the interaction of all these genes together to produce exceptional longevity.
当今现代生物技术时代之所以成为可能，是因为使用了分子技术在细胞间相互“切贴”基因。
The current era of modern biotechnology was made possible by the use of molecular techniques to "cut and paste" genes from one cell to another.
冷战用语“和平共处”已经被用在了新地方：作为潜在的方法以解决有机农业和基因工程农业间的冲突。
The Cold War phrase "peaceful coexistence" has been revived in a new context: as a potential solution in the clash between organic agriculture and genetic engineering.
兰毕表示，植株的点状分布状态阻止了植株间的基因混合，在与气候变化相关的疾病、虫害及掠食者来临时，它们会无力抵御。
Such spotty distribution prevents the plants from mixing genes, making them more vulnerable to the arrival of diseases, parasites, and predators associated with climate change, Lambe noted.
精神分裂症的分子遗传学院会(MGS)精确确定了精神分裂症和6号染色体区域上的基因间的联系，它介导基因表达，比如组蛋白。
The Molecular Genetics of schizophrenia (MGS) consortium pinpointed an association between schizophrenia and genes in the chromosome-6 region that mediate gene expression, such as histones.
这种方法一时间非常有效，但接着蚊子重磅回击——大自然的生存法则让蚊子大军有了抗杀虫剂的良好基因。
For a time, it was successful, but then evolution struck back, as natural selection favoured the spread of insecticide-resistant genes.
老鼠并不是人(虽然两者间的相似度比很多人想象的要高)，基因剔除是不同于自然获得抗胰岛素性。
Mice are not men (though the similarity is closer than many would like to think), and a genetic knockout is not the same as naturally acquired insulin resistance.
研究者研究了SLC6A15和抑郁症间基因相关性。
The researchers examined the functional relevance of the genetic association between SLC6A15 and major depression.
令人惊奇的是，他们发现许多基因在这些群体之间是相互流通的，这意味着蚊子在群体间移动。
Surprisingly, they found extensive gene flow between these populations, which meant mosquitoes traveled between groups.
宏捷楠的团队研究了两物种间一个特定基因oresara1 (Ore1)的遗传差异。
Nam's team searched for genetic differences between the strains and homed in on a particular gene, oresara 1 (ORE1).
他和同事测定了8000多条鳕鱼的基因型，研究两个鱼群中不同版本的基因，或者说等位基因的频率在1994年至2003年间是如何变化的。
He and his colleagues genotyped more than 8000 fish to find out how the frequency of different versions of the gene, or alleles, changed in the two populations between 1994 and 2003.
美国地质调查局现在已经从存档样本中做基因分型，为过去20年间遇到的每一只熊创建了基因编号。
The US Geological Survey is now genotyping from archive samples, creating a genetic ID of every bear captured over the past 20 years.
斯托洛·维茨基认为，借助这种设备，科学家更容易在基因、健康弱点和理想药物疗法间建立起联系。
Stolovitzky believes the device will help the scientific community more readily make connections between genes, health vulnerabilities and ideal drug treatments.
自从首个转基因作物进入商业化种植以来的14年间，其衍生物、亲缘植物和再混合作物都相继问世，并像那些高科技水池草一样成倍增加，同时有利可图。
In the 14 years since the first genetically modified crops were planted commercially, their descendants, relatives and remixes have gone forth and multiplied like profitable, high-tech pondweed.
他们对人类和黑猩猩的基因组上各部分进行核对，并识别出基因组间分化的程度。
They aligned sections of the human and chimpanzee genomes and identified how much they diverged.
Waston博士则继续担任冷泉港基因学实验室主任，直到2007年，他发表了一些有关基因学与黑人的不正当言论，转眼间就卸甲归田了。
Dr Watson continued as head of the Cold Spring Harbour genetics laboratory until 2007, when he made some injudicious remarks about genetics and black people and found himself suddenly retired.
2005年，杰克逊及其同僚区分出居住在塞拉利昂(Sierra Leone)不同族群间的遗传信息，使得遗传基因研究获得重大进展。
In 2005, Jackson and his colleagues made important progress when they were able to genetically distinguish different ethnic groups living in Sierra Leone.
在过去的一万年间，人类的骨骼和牙齿的进化很快，遗传基因也对饮食和疾病作出了反应。
The past 10, 000 years have seen rapid skeletal and dental evolution in human populations, as well as the appearance of many new genetic responses to diet and disease.
但过去十年间，探索人类基因组研发的新工具拯救了古生代dna的研究。
But over the past 10 years, new tools developed for exploring the human genome gave ancient DNA research a lifesaving infusion.
孤独症表现出高出生体重的特点，鉴于印迹与生长调节基因间的关联，由此可推测孤独症是否因其过度受父方影响的大脑而引起。
Autism is characterized by high birth weight, which one might expect if autism were caused by an overly paternally influenced brain, given the link between imprinting and growth-regulating genes.
孤独症表现出高出生体重的特点，鉴于印迹与生长调节基因间的关联，由此可推测孤独症是否因其过度受父方影响的大脑而引起。
Autism is characterized by high birth weight, which one might expect if autism were caused by an overly paternally influenced brain, given the link between imprinting and growth-regulating genes.
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