寻找被移植的生命体的想法源于对落在地球上的火星陨石的研究。
The idea of looking for transplanted life stemmed from studies of meteorites from Mars that landed on Earth.
我们讨论了30到40亿年前地球和火星上液态水存在的地质证据。
We were discussing the geological evidence of liquid water on Earth and Mars three to four billion years ago.
它被称为“明亮的早期的太阳解决方案”，根据该方案，太阳将提供足够的热量，使地球和火星上的水变成液体。
It is called the bright-young-Sun solution, according to which the Sun would have provided enough heat for the water on Earth and Mars to be liquid.
当第一次用望远镜观测到火星时，人们从飞机上看到，火星的圆盘在地球上纵横交错。
When the planet Mars was first observed through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crisscrossed on earth that are viewed from an airplane.
当第一次用望远镜观测到火星时，人们从飞机上看到，火星的圆形圆盘在地球上纵横交错。
When the planet Mars was first observed through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was criss-crossed on earth that are viewed from an airplane.
复杂的生命在地球表面进化，而不是在火星或太阳系的其他行星上，因为在那些行星上，早期的地表生命被紫外线杀死了。
Complex life evolved on the Earth's surface, but not on Mars or other planets in the solar system because on those planets, early surface life was killed by UV radiation.
从理论上讲，细菌可能是在火星的早期发展起来的，其中一些是由陨石带到地球的。
It is theoretically possible that bacteria developed on Mars early in its history and that some were carried to Earth by a meteorite.
但它离太阳的距离比地球远，所以火星上的温度要低得多。
It is further from the Sun than the Earth, so temperatures on Mars are much lower.
火星绕太阳公转的周期是687天，这意味着火星上的1个地球年是687天。
Mars orbits the Sun in 687 days, which means 1 Earth year on Mars is 687 days.
1996年8月6日，科学家们发现了一块来自火星的岩石，它在13000年前落到了地球上。
On 6th August, 1996, scientists discovered a piece of rock from Mars, which fell to the Earth 13,000 years ago.
在很长一段时间里，没人知道火星是什么时候被发现的，谁发现的，也不知道有一种行星可以不用望远镜就能从地球上看到。
It's not known when Mars was found and by whom Mars has been known for a very long time, and one of the planets that can be seen from the Earth without a telescope.
让我们假装回到从前，观察火星和金星上的生活——在地球未彼发现或他们未来到地球以前——我们可以观察到男人与女人。
Let's pretend to go back in time, and observe life on Mars and Venus -before the planets discovered one another or came to Earth we can gain some insights into men and women.
每个春天，大自然母亲会用一些在地球上无法使用到的工具，来给火星做部分“整容”。
Each spring, Mother Nature gives part of Mars a facelift using tools not available on Earth.
形状怪异的沙丘是地球和火星上比较常见的新月沙丘。
These strangely shaped dunes are known as barchan dunes and are common on both Earth and Mars.
在机器人开始探索一个崭新的世界的时侯，实际上人们还停留在围绕地球旋转的阶段，用电脑设计出建立在火星和其他星球上的基地，接着又是遗忘。
Instead man has been stuck making circles around the earth while robots go explore new worlds. Bases on Mars and other planets were designed on computer and forgotten.
到目前为止，人类只记录下了火星和地球上的日出，但是猜想那些已知和未知的行星上的日出是一件非常有趣的事情。
So far, humanity has only recorded sunrises on Mars and Earth, but it is fun to wonder what they would look like on planets known and yet unknown.
水是一个是否有生命存在的关键问题，即使是以微生物的形式，火星上和地球上都曾经存在，所有已知的生命都需要水。
Water is a key to the question of whether life, even in the form of microbes, ever existed on Mars. On Earth, all known forms of life require water.
科学家推断说，任何生存在火星上的微生物必须与地球上的嗜盐生物有某些类似之处，才能够从容应对那颗行星的高盐度。
Scientists have theorised that any microbes living on Mars would have to be something like terrestrial halophiles in order to cope with the planet's high salinity.
在2018年，我们是否以及何时从火星上取回一个咖啡杯大小的样本，这也将需要我们地球人的审议。
If and when we bring back a coffee-cup-size sample from Mars in 2018, it will also need Earth-bound scrutiny.
选择3：在地球之外——火星上建立一座“诺亚方舟”作为人类的最佳和最有前途的聚居地。
Alternative 3: to establish a 'Noah's Ark' colony of humanity's best and brightest off of the planet -on Mars.
将火星地球化的材料带到火星就得花费上数十亿，甚至几万亿的钞票了。
The price of bringing something to Mars that could terraform it would cost billions, possibly even trillions.
这些研究成果将使地球上的人民受益，也会应用于太阳系中更遥远的星球——比如对火星的探索。
These advances will benefit the people of the Earth and will be applied to the exploration of more distant sites in the solar system such as Mars.
“如果火星上有足够的生命形成地层，珊瑚或某种微生物，并且被掩埋，那么，发生在地球上的物理现象或许也发生在火星上”，他说。
"If there was enough life to make layers, to make corals or some sort of microbial homes, and if it was buried on Mars, the same physics that took place on Earth could have happened there," he said.
现在已经证实的理论是，火星和木星之间的小行星带的小行星可能会产生较小的陨石，进入太空在地球上降落。
The theory that has developed is that asteroids in the the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter may have produced smaller meteorites which have shot off into space and landed on Earth.
火星、欧罗巴和金星的云层都被认为是酸性环境，因此地球上的嗜酸生物激起了科学家们在其它地方寻找生命的兴趣。
Both Mars, Europa and the clouds of Venus are thought to be acidic environments, so Earthly acidophiles intrigue scientists looking for life elsewhere.
根据美国航空航天局勇气号探测器对矿物质的分析，火星上有些地方——比如古瑟夫撞击坑——和地球上的碱湖差不多。
There are places on Mars, like Gusev Crater, which resemble soda lakes on Earth, according to an analysis of minerals by NASA's Spirit rover.
比如，地球上的沙漠就类似火星上干燥多尘的环境。
Earth's deserts, for example, have analogues on dry, dusty Mars.
既然高等生命能够在地球上形成，那么这项发现也可以佐证，在更加温暖潮湿的火星或者寒冷缺氧的金星上曾经存在过生命。
While giving insights on how higher life may have formed on Earth, the finding may also bolster the theory that life may have once existed on a warmer, wetter Mars or a cooler, clearer Venus.
既然高等生命能够在地球上形成，那么这项发现也可以佐证，在更加温暖潮湿的火星或者寒冷缺氧的金星上曾经存在过生命。
While giving insights on how higher life may have formed on Earth, the finding may also bolster the theory that life may have once existed on a warmer, wetter Mars or a cooler, clearer Venus.
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