在细胞里和在身体里理解蛋白质的功能使强有力的分离和分析的技术用先进的讯息科学结合。
It combines powerful separation and analytical technology with advanced informatics to understand the function of proteins in the cell and in the body.
细菌一进入血液里，就附着在红细胞表面上。
Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells.
它很容易提取，因为它是在细胞核之外、叫做线粒体的结构里被发现的少量基因之一。
It is easily extracted, because it is one of a handful of genes found outside the cell nucleus, in structures called mitochondria.
如你所知，血红蛋白是氧气的载体，所以红细胞集中在血红蛋白的袋子里，血红蛋白在血液中循环，它们携带氧气。
Hemoglobin, as you know, is an oxygen carrier and so red blood cells concentrate in bags of hemoglobin which circulate in your blood and they carry oxygen.
尽管一个个体的大多数细胞都有同一套基因组，但是在每个细胞里不是所有的基因都起作用。
Though most cells in any individual have the same set of genes, not all of these genes are active in any given cell.
但是在两个病人的细胞里表现得很突出，而且这两个人的肿瘤都收缩了。
But in two patients the cells stuck it out, and in those two the tumours shrank.
此方剂是三种小分子和五种蛋白质的组合，它试图复制细胞在发育中的胚胎里所要经历的事情。
The recipe is a combination of three small molecules and five proteins, and it attempts to replicate what cells would experience in the developing embryo.
在更多细胞里扩展信息来形成分布式网络，这样可以进行更复杂编码。
Spreading the code across many cells allows for more complex programs by creating a distributed network.
但鲨鱼缺少圆状细胞，这种细胞可以对不同波长的光线分别作出反应。在人类的眼睛里，各种各样的圆状细胞帮助我们分辨颜色。
Yet the sharks lacked cone cells, which respond individually to light at specific wavelengths. In human eyes, a variety of cone cells helps us to distinguish between colors.
在哺乳动物细胞里，启动子是一个包含着许多蛋白质结合位点的复杂区域，它调节基因的表达。
In mammalian cells, the promoter is a complex region containing binding sites for many proteins that regulate gene expression.
此种器械产生磁场的功率足以在人的大脑细胞里激发出电流而不会使人体有所损害。
The machine's magnetic fields are powerful enough to induce electric currents in human brain cells without being harmful.
在胸腺里T细胞必须经过淘汰的过程，才能阻止有可能攻击自身组织(这些组织细胞表面表达的是自身蛋白)的T细胞发育成熟。
There they undergo a selection process designed to weed out cells that might attack the body’s own cells (which display pieces of human proteins on their surface).
下面的视频是关于在癌症细胞里的常规基因表达是如何进行组蛋白乙酰化作用(acetylationofhistone)的。
Here's a video that animates the acetylation of histone proteins in the regulation of gene expression in cancer cells.
随着我们变老，大脑里的神经细胞——或称神经元的数量在减少。
As we get older, the number of nerve cells - or neurons - in the brain decrease.
在一个14小时的周期里他们让此细胞重复分解和合成的的循环，没有效率下降的情况。
They ran the cell through repeated cycles of assembly and disassembly over a 14-hour period, with no loss of efficiency.
在酵母菌里，事实上这五种基因在一起干着一件完全无关的任务：修补细胞壁。
In yeast, it turns out, these five genes work together on a completely unrelated task: fixing cell walls.
几年前，科学家在眼睛里发现了另一种类型的光敏感细胞。
A few years ago, scientists discovered another type of light-sensitive cell in the eye.
在我们变形虫那样的远古祖先身体里，基因之间已经形成了固定的组合来一起从事构成细胞壁和其他基本的生命必要活动。
In our distant, amoeba-like ancestors, clusters of genes were already forming to work together on building cell walls and on other very basic tasks essential to life.
在活细胞里催化化学反应的蛋白质。
A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions in living cells.
科学家发现这种黑素细胞干细胞缺少一种至关重要的酶，这种酶存在于在皮肤里发现的类似的干细胞里，而皮肤不随着年龄褪色。
Scientists found that such melanocyte stem cells lacked a crucial enzyme that was present in similar stem cells found in the skin, which do not lose colour with age.
主要的“罪犯”是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，它是身体的运油车，在血液里向细胞传输脂肪和胆固醇。
The main culprit, LDL (for low-density lipoprotein), is the body's oil truck, circulating in the blood, delivering fat and cholesterol to the cells.
你可以看到，比如说，它什么时候在癌细胞里被表达，在哪里被表达。
You could see, for example, when it's expressed in a cancer cell, and where it's expressed.
尽管这些发表了的研究中到目前为止没有一个成功重新激活了所有休眠hiv，无论是在细胞培养中还是在人体里，但是这仍然是振奋人心的一步。
Although none of the studies published so far has managed to reactivate all of the dormant HIV in either a cell culture or a human being, they are still an encouraging step.
在人类的眼睛里，各种各样的圆状细胞帮助我们分辨颜色。
In human eyes, a variety of cone cells helps us to distinguish between colors.
我们在本质上正生活在充满癌细胞的躯体里。
在迪肯的模型里，生命起源事件的核心，是遇到一个像"自我细胞"那样的，能够在其本身的环境里自我维持的东西。
The core origin-of-life event, in the Deacon model, is getting something like an autocell to maintain itself in its environmental context.
在早先的研究中，斯普金思发现白血病细胞和其它一些固态肿瘤细胞在骨髓里创建特殊的栖身处所，并在那里增殖和传播。
In prior studies, Sipkins found that leukemia cells and some solid tumors create specific niches in the bone marrow where they multiply and spread.
研究人员在更客观的评论中也不免透露出对癌细胞的赞赏，就像福尔摩斯将莫里亚蒂作为一个有能力的对手加以赞赏一样。
Researchers, in their more detached moments, can't help admiring the cancer cell, the way that Sherlock Holmes admired Moriarty, as a worthy opponent.
她在六个星期里每星期接受一次干细胞移植，在第三次治疗后，他意识到自己能够读东西了，细胞起作用了。
She received spinal injections of cord blood stem cells each week for six weeks. After her third treatment, she realized she could read and knew the treatments were working.
她在六个星期里每星期接受一次干细胞移植，在第三次治疗后，他意识到自己能够读东西了，细胞起作用了。
She received spinal injections of cord blood stem cells each week for six weeks. After her third treatment, she realized she could read and knew the treatments were working.
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