“这并不是因果研究，”他发送电子邮件告知环球网。
"This is not a cause-and-effect study, " he tells WebMD in an email.
他表示：“这些研究中的大多数都不考虑因果推理。”
"Most of these studies don't allow for causal inferences," he said.
需要进一步的研究来调查这种关系的因果本质，并调查主人的个性是如何直接影响他们的宠物的行为和健康的。
Further research is needed to investigate the causal nature of this relationship, and to look at how owners' personalities are directly influencing their pets' behaviour and wellbeing.
这项研究是否意味着猫很快就能掌握因果关系的详情？
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect?
格伦·舍伦贝格的最新研究表明，许多心理学家和神经学家错误地相信音乐和智商之间的因果关系。
Glenn Schellenberg's latest research suggests many psychologists and neuroscientists wrongly believe in the causal relationship between music and IQ.
但施韦策认为，目标设定和有害行为之间的“因果证据越来越多”，应该加以研究，以帮助人们关注到需要谨慎和继续调查的问题。
But Schweitzer contends the "mounting causal evidence" linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation.
格拉斯提醒说，大多数研究并不一定能证明绿色与健康之间的因果关系，但它们仍然有助于激励人们采取行动。
Glass cautions that most studies don't necessarily prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action.
首席研究员高木佐贺在一份新闻稿中说：“猫会运用对噪音或声音的因果逻辑的理解来预测不可见物体的出现。”
"Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects," lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release.
在此之前，唯一一项分析因果关系的研究对传统观点表示支持，其基于墨西哥一个设立条件性现金转移支付（CCT）政策的地区。
The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.
为了评估作者是否声称过任何因果关系，研究人员在每篇论文的标题和摘要中寻找能说明问题的动词，比如“增强”、“促进”、“便利”和“加强”。
To assess whether the authors claimed any causation, researchers then looked for telltale verbs in each paper's title and abstract, verbs like "enhance", "promote", "facilitate", and "strengthen".
不过，作者们承认未能一一证明所有可能的变化因素，并提醒这是项观察研究，不能就此得出这两者之间存在因果关系的结论。
But the authors acknowledged that they could not account for all possible variables, and cautioned that it was an observational study that draws no conclusions about cause and effect.
当然，相关并不意味着因果，但是“相关”往往是找到原因的第一步，所以这项研究还是有价值的。
True, correlation doesn't imply causation, but correlation is often the first step to finding causes, so such studies are still valuable.
科恩博士说：“NHANESIII是一项观察上的研究而不是一次临床试验，所以，关于因果没有一个确定的结论是可能的。”
Since NHANES III was an observational study and not a clinical trial, no definite conclusions about cause and effect were possible, says Dr. Cohen.
此外，研究也未能对接触电磁场和自述症状之间的因果关系或“电磁辐射超敏反应”提供支持。
Further, research has not been able to provide support for a causal relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields and self-reported symptoms, or "electromagnetic hypersensitivity".
作者提醒到，不管怎样，研究并没有确定这种关联的因果关系。
The authors cautioned, however, that the studydid not determine the cause and effect in this association.
在人类身上做的研究都是观测性的。结果表明，使用手机与癌症有一定联系，但不是因果关系。
The human studies all are observational, showing only an association between cellphone use and cancer, not a causal relationship.
本次诺贝尔奖是授予他们在"对于宏观经济因果的实证研究"方面做出的贡献。
The prize is awarded "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy".
即便是那些精心设计、对这些变量已作调整的观察性研究也只能发现其中的相关性，而无法证实一种因果关系。
Even carefully constructed observational studies that correct for such variables can only find correlations, not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.
然后，章典的研究小组进行了一种被称为格兰杰因果分析的推演，以确定这些变量之间的相互因果关系。
The team then performed a statistical analysis called a Granger causality analysis to establish whether cause-effect relationships existed between any of them.
但是还需更多研究，Ketter说，这项研究并未解释这种联系，也没有表现出因果关系。
But more research is needed, says Ketter. The study does not explain the connection or show a causal relationship, he said.
但是他也承认这项研究并未建立一个因果关系的关联，而且该研究没有控制许多可能的变量。
But he conceded that the research does not establish a causal link and that the study did not control for many possible variables.
菲尔沃尔夫的研究表明，人们能够非常好地认识到这一类因果关系，将它们综合在一起，以便更好地了解更复杂的事件。
Phil Wolff's research shows that people are quite good at recognizing these kinds of causal situations and combining them together to better understand more complex events.
不过研究人员称还没有证据能够证明睡眠扰乱和这些病理情况之间存在因果联系。
The researchers add there is no evidence of a causal link between sleep disruption and any of these conditions.
以前的研究人员难以在考试成绩和学习时间之间建立一种因果关系。
Previous researchers have struggled to establish a causal link between exam results and time spent studying.
继续深入的话，研究人员可能会研究BPA和三氯生暴露对人体的长期影响，试图验证二者之间有无因果关系。
Going forward, researchers would like to study the long-term effects of BPA and triclosan in people to see if they can establish a causal relationship.
很多研究员都指责案例对照法不是展现因果关系直接有力的方法，尤其因为它受制于大量的记忆误差。
Many researchers fault case-control work as being a weak method for showing direct causality, especially because it is subject to substantial recall bias.
也有可能饮食不是原因；这项研究只是显示食物选择和健康因素之间的关联，而不是因果关系。
It's also possible that diet is not the cause; the research showed only an association between food choices and health factors, not cause-and-effect.
也有可能饮食不是原因；这项研究只是显示食物选择和健康因素之间的关联，而不是因果关系。
It's also possible that diet is not the cause; the research showed only an association between food choices and health factors, not cause-and-effect.
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