有迹象表明，细胞内的藻类可能直接向封装它们的蝾螈细胞提供光合作用的产物。
There are signs that intracellular algae may be directly providing the products of photosynthesis to the salamander cells that encapsulate them.
水从叶子内部的细胞涌向外面的细胞，导致叶子迅速地从凸向凹翻转，就像一片柔软的隐形眼镜。
Water surges from the cells on the inside of the leaf to those on the outside, causing the leaf to rapidly flip in shape from convex to concave, like a soft contact lens.
这些粒子就这样从一个细胞表面跳向另一个细胞，直到它们着落在一个未受感染的细胞上。
The particles thus bounce from one cell surface to another until they land on an uninfected cell.
与细菌不同，病毒包括没有复制所需的所有机制，因此它们要像寄生虫一样向其它细胞借产品。
Unlike bacteria, viruses don't contain all the machinery necessary to replicate, and so like parasites they borrow the goods from other cells.
科学家们发现只需向动物胚胎中注射另一物种的干细胞，他们便能创造出一种拥有另一物种器官的嵌合体动物。
Scientists have found they can create chimeric animals that have organs belonging to another species by injecting stem cells into the embryo of another species.
肿瘤细胞可以向血管发出信号让血管靠肿瘤方向伸长，从而有利于肿瘤的成长。
For example, tumor cells can signal nearby blood vessels to grow in their direction, thereby facilitating tumor growth.
这些神经细胞通过脊髓向肌肉发送信号，使我们具备运动的能力。
These send signals through the spinal cord to the muscles to give us the ability to move.
在验证理论的过程中，他开始向医生询问有关细胞结构的问题，并慢慢地开始向医生透露他的简单实验的结果。
While testing his theory, he began asking his doctors questions about the makeup of cancer cells, and slowly began sharing some results from his simple tests.
48小时内，新的毛细血管就会缠绕在新细胞上，向稳固的组织供应氧气和营养物质。
Within 48 hours, new capillaries and blood vessels entwine through the new cells, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the now-stable tissue.
主要的“罪犯”是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，它是身体的运油车，在血液里向细胞传输脂肪和胆固醇。
The main culprit, LDL (for low-density lipoprotein), is the body's oil truck, circulating in the blood, delivering fat and cholesterol to the cells.
科学家们发现，向一种物种的胚胎中注射干细胞，这种物种就会长出另外一个物种的器官。
Scientists have found that by injecting stem cells into the embryo of one species, they can create animals that have organs belonging to another species.
这一方法可能会引发“新一代”抗癌药物的诞生，该药物将可以用于阻止肿瘤细胞通过“转移”的过程向身体其他部位扩散。
The discovery might lead to a new generation of anti-cancer drugs that prevent tumour cells from spreading to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.
在他向国会提交的证据中，他报告自己不被允许自由谈及干细胞问题，也不能发表关于干细胞的报告。
In his evidence to Congress, he reported that he was not allowed to speak, or issue reports, on stem cells.
当小鸭破壳而出，科学家们用向每只小鸭注射外来细胞的方式挑战他们的免疫系统。
When the eggs hatched, the scientists challenged the immune system of each duckling by injecting it with foreign cells.
女性需要红细胞(上图展示的)向身体组织器官输送氧气。
Red blood cells (shown here) are needed because they carry oxygen to your tissues and organs.
根据发表在《细胞新陈代谢》杂志上的一项新研究报告，向虫子平时所食的细菌中持续添加少量的糖分，虫子的寿命将会减少20%。
According to a new study published in the journal Cell Metabolism, consistently adding a small amount of sugar to a worm's regular diet of bacteria shortened its lifespan by 20 percent.
令人惊讶的是，通过给这些细胞一点点方向正确的推力，他们就能替代基因的控制。
Remarkably, by giving the cells a little push in the right direction, they could overcome the genetic programme.
据梅约诊所介绍，这种癌症入侵部位为食道(是由咽喉向胃输送食物的管道)中的细胞，通常发生于食道较低的部位。
This cancer starts in the cells that line the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach) and usually occurs in the lower part of the esophagus, according to the Mayo Clinic.
向细胞输入永久新基因，这一想法在过去的几十年都带来了巨大希望，但实施风险太大。
The idea of permanently inserting new genes into cells has generated great hopes in the past few decades, but it is a risky path to tread.
为了模拟视网膜发育的早期阶段，研究人员需要构建出浓度梯度差异极其细微的溶液来培养细胞以使它们向不同的途径分化。
To mimic early stage retinal development, the researchers needed to build microscopic gradients for solutions in which to bathe the stem cells to initiate specific differentiation paths.
当前的方法使用病毒或者化学物质向细胞中引入外来dna，但是这些操作将带来永久性的改变，会引起其特有的并发症。
Current methods use viruses or chemicals to bring foreign DNA inside cells, but these make permanent changes, which could have their own complications.
他们发现植入健康鼠脑的干细胞位置不变而植入受伤鼠脑的干细胞向受伤部位移动。
They found that cells implanted into healthy brains stayed put, whereas those implanted into damaged brains moved towards the injured area.
而肯兹尤斯的设想只是向癌细胞内注入一种物质，起到微型天线的作用。
Kanzius's idea would require only an injection of substances that would accumulate in tumors and act like tiny antennas.
然而，不活动可以导致缓慢而无力的心脏跳动，导致不能充分的向身体各部细胞供血。
However, inactivity can result in a slow and weak heartbeat that does not sufficiently move the blood to provide oxygen for every cell in the body.
但当向神经末梢周围的雪旺细胞注入这种蛋白时，没有变异的蛋白能阻止退化。
But no variant of prion protein was able to prevent demyelination when introduced specifically into the Schwann cells that surround and support peripheral nerve cells.
不同浓度的钾离子和氯离子一般会致使离子由低浓度的原始细胞向高浓度的转移。
The difference in concentrations of potassium and chloride ions would normally cause ions to move from the less concentrated protocell to the more concentrated one.
这些药物抑制一种叫做神经氨酸酐酶的酶，这种酶可以促使新生成的病毒离开被感染的细胞向周身散播。
These drugs act against an enzyme called neuraminidase, which allows newly formed viruses to leave infected cells and spread around the body.
这些药物抑制一种叫做神经氨酸酐酶的酶，这种酶可以促使新生成的病毒离开被感染的细胞向周身散播。
These drugs act against an enzyme called neuraminidase, which allows newly formed viruses to leave infected cells and spread around the body.
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