氢原子，我们可以先画出原子电子。
我们发现原子核中浓缩的能量是原子电子层能量的2百万倍。
We discovered that the concentration of energy in the nucleus of the atom is 2 million times as great as energy in the shell of an atom.
通常情况下，线性缩放密度泛函理论的应用还是很少的，而密度泛函理论只能计算成百、成千的原子电子结构。
In general though, linear scaling DFT is still quite rare and DFT calculations on a routine basis typically involve a few hundreds or thousands of atoms.
从比耐公式出发，结合玻尔———索末菲量子化条件，对类氢原子电子的量子化椭圆轨道，给出了一个简化的推导，并在此基础上，对轨道的稳定性进行进一步的讨论。
A quantized elliptical orbit of electron in hydrogen_like atom is concisely derived from Binet equation with the aid of Bohr_Sommerfeld s quantized condition.
原子本身是个整体，含电子、质子、中子以及其他组成部分。
An atom itself is a complete whole, with its electrons, protons and neutrons and other elements.
如果是原子质量一定，而电子很小，那么带正电荷的部分几乎占据了全部质量。
If the atom is fixed mass, and the electron is tiny, it must be the positives have all the mass.
当我们讨论多电子原子的轨道时，它们的能量实际上比对应的氢原子轨道要低。
When we talk about orbitals in multi-electron atoms, they're actually lower in energy than the corresponding H atom orbitals.
为了释放电子，必须使电子高速旋转而足以摆脱它们的原子核。
To free electrons, something has to make them whirl fast enough to break away from their nuclei.
配位共价键是其中两个键合电子均来自该键所涉及的原子之一的键。
A coordinate covalent bond is one where both bonding electrons are from one of the atoms involved in the bond.
电子非常轻，因此在原子量中甚至没有计算它。
Electrons weigh very little, so they aren't even counted in the atomic weight.
如果你把物质带到实验室，你可以剥离原子的电子，然后你就得到了物质的另一种状态，它被称为‘等离子态’。
And if you take materials into laboratories, you can pull the electrons off the atoms and you have another state of matter which is called plasma.
图像的空间分布就代表了原子周围的电子密度。
The spatial distribution of that image represents the electron density around the atom.
“如果你曾上过的高中化学课，那么毫无疑问你能记起这些奇特的“轨道”图片，它描绘了一个分子或者原子的电子可能被发现的位置。”
If you took high school chemistry, then you undoubtedly recall the bizarre drawings of the "orbitals" that describe where in an atom or a molecule an electron is likely to be found.
那么，哪个原子需要这对孤对电子呢？
原子氢，单个质子，单电子。
其实，并不是只有原子和电子才能产生纠缠效应。
Atoms and electrons are not the only particles that can get entangled.
包括原子半径，以及等电子原子的概念。
This includes atomic radius and the idea of isoelectronic atoms.
看一下能量级图表中，多电子原子的部分。
And this is the energy level diagram for multi-electron atoms.
利用简单的价电子成键理论，我们预计，要把所有甲烷中没有配对的电子，和氢原子中没有配对的电子配对来形成键。
So, using our simple valence bond theory, what we would expect is that we want to pair up any unpaired electrons in methane with unpaired electrons from hydrogen and form bonds.
最后，如果有时间的话，我们将再介绍最后一个主题：，等电子原子与离子。
And then, if we have time at the end, we'll introduce one last topic, which is isoelectronic atoms and ions.
因此，这就是中性原子，正确的电子排布。
So this would be for the actual filled, the completely neutral atom.
这些理论如此成功地解释了元素很广泛的化学性质，以致于，人们逐渐认为：在化学上，“单原子气体电子构型”不可违背。
So successful were these theories in accounting for a wide range of chemical properties of the elements that the monatomic-gas electron configurations came to be thought of as chemically inviolate.
好了，今天我们将要完整的讨论，关于多电子原子的问题。
All right, so today we're going to fully have our discussion focused on multi-electron atoms.
原子中的电子数,将近是原子质量的一般。
The number of electrons in an atom is deduced to be approximately equal to half the atomic weight.
而原子外层的电子，只是电量和e的电量相等。
And out here we have the charge on the electron as simply equal to e.
我们也可以看到现在对于，一个多电子原子的能量方程。
We can also look at the energy equation now for a multi-electron atom.
这些都是单电子原子，它们都是气体，都是单原子。
These are all one electron atoms, and they are gas, a single atom.
原子越大，其外层电子受原子束缚力越弱，这是解释铅和锡两者差别的一部分原因。
This is partly explained because the bigger an atom is, the more weakly its outer electrons are bound to it (and hence the further those electrons are from the nucleus).
这是因为这时候最主要的力,是吸引力，它来自于,其中一个原子的电子与另外一个原子的原子核之间。
The reason is because the predominant force at this point is going to be the attraction that's being felt between the nuclei and the electrons in each of the atoms.
这是因为这时候最主要的力,是吸引力，它来自于,其中一个原子的电子与另外一个原子的原子核之间。
The reason is because the predominant force at this point is going to be the attraction that's being felt between the nuclei and the electrons in each of the atoms.
应用推荐