其中两个基本保护层旨在抵抗爆炸中产生的两类主要威胁：超压脉冲，或者叫冲击波；以及通常由弹片构成的碎片伤害。
These two fundamental layers are designed to defeat the two main threats in an explosion: the overpressure pulse, or shockwave; and the fragmentation, commonly known as shrapnel.
飞行在低于100英尺的超音速飞机制造的音爆，造成的20到144磅的超压，没有对人体造成伤害。
Sonic booms produced by aircraft flying supersonic at altitudes of less than 100 feet, creating between 20 and 144 pounds overpressure, have been experienced by humans without injury.
实际上，这两类伤害中超压冲击波尤甚。
The overpressure wave is actually the more dangerous of the two.
为了防止伤害在集尘装置上的卸压膜。
Pressure relief membrane to prevent damage to a confined dust collection device.
用动态滤失实验研究了压裂液的滤失行为，滤饼的性质，滤饼对岩心渗透率的伤害及其解除方法。
The filter action, the feature of filter cake, the damage of core permeability effected by cake and the solving method are researched by the way of dynamic filter experiment.
这些数据反映水基压裂液对不同煤化阶段煤层的伤害程度有较大差别。
These data indicate large difference in damage of coalbed of different coalification stage.
根据储层中上覆岩石围压变化，通过室内试验表述了其对渗透率伤害。
Based on the change of stress from upside rock in the reservoir, the damage to permeability is illustrated by the lab experiment.
冲击波的破坏伤害作用主要取决于峰值超压的大小，立方根比例定律是定量估算冲击波超压最常用的方法。
The damage of shock wave mainly depends on peak overpressure and scaled cube root distance is the most common method to estimate the shock wave overpressure.
由压力突增而形成的速敏、压敏是第三位的潜在伤害因素。
Velocity and pressure sensitivities caused by pressure jump are the third potential damage factors.
板桥油田在实施压井作业转抽后，由于储层在压井作业过程中受到伤害，一些油井产能下降甚至完全丧失。
After oil pumping were implemented on producers in Banqiao Oilfield, some productivity of producers was reduced even lost totally due the formation damage during well killing.
在对低渗透凝析气藏采取压裂措施时，压裂后的返排过程影响到液锁对地层的伤害程度。
The speed of flowback during fracturing influences the damage of liquid invading when taking a fracture measure to a low permeability condensate reservoir.
该压裂液配制简单，不需要杀菌剂和破胶剂，具有流变性能好、造缝与携砂能力强、对地层伤害小、使用方便等优点。
Other advantages of it are good rheological property, strong fracture making ability and sand carrying capacity, and little damage to formation, etc.
室内实验研究可知，射孔完井过程中油层的伤害主要是射孔压实带和射孔液的伤害。
Through core analysis and sensitivity experiments, this paper illustrates the potential damage factors and the damage degree of the reservoir in the course of perforated completion.
优化的压裂液配方能降低对储层造成的伤害，其性能指标满足了储层及分压工艺的要求。
The optimized fracturing fluid can reduce the damages to the reservoir, and its functions and properties can satisfy the needs of separate layer treatment.
针对低渗、特低渗油田，开发出一种不需破胶剂、低残渣、低伤害、可循环再利用的新型低分子压裂液。
The new low molecular weight fracturing fluid, without breaking agent, is developed which is provided with lower residue and harm, and then recycled specially against low rate of permeation oilfield.
针对太2气层的实验研究表明，压裂液对裂缝壁面的伤害率平均在31.84%- 36.28%之间，压裂液对支撑剂层的伤害率平均在29.27%—30.04%之间。
Experimental study shows that the damage rate of fracturing fluid to fracture surface is between 31. 84% and 36. 28%; the damage rate to propping agent layer is between 29. 27% and 30. 04%.
在室内用水基冻胶压裂液浸入致密气层岩心，进行了伤害试验研究。
Experiments were carried out on tight gas formation core sample with a water base crosslinked gel fracturing fluid.
研制的压裂液快速返排技术，提高了压裂液的返排率，进一步减少了压裂液对地层的伤害，提高了压裂效果。
The fluid cleanup rate has been increased by utilizing fluid fast clean up technology. Formation damage was depressed, and thus the effect of fracturing treatment has was improved.
压裂施工中压裂液对油层和裂缝导流能力会造成伤害，直接影响压裂改造的效果。
In fracture operation, fracture fluid would cause damage to the reservoirs and fracture conductivity, which directly influences the effect of fracture reconstruction.
为此，研究了一种新的低伤害大型压裂技术，力求实现低伤害、深穿透、高导流的目标。
So a low damage & massive hydraulic fracturing technique is put forward in this paper with the key object being low damage, longer penetration, and high fracture conductivity.
讨论了伤害煤层渗透率的两大因素：压裂液堵塞煤层割理；煤基质吸附压裂液而膨胀。
Blockage of coal seams by fracturing fluids (FFs) and swelling of coal matrix owing to FF adsorption are discussed and considered to be the basic factors for coalbed permeability damage.
对埋藏浅、储层温度低的油气藏进行压裂改造，需要解决压裂液低温破胶、快速返排和伤害问题。
The primal problem in low temperature and shallow gas reservoirs is to overcome the break, the flowing back, and the damage of the fracturing fluids.
各个配方体系破胶后均无残渣，对地层无伤害。通过与CMC和HPAM在悬砂性能上的对比得出：压裂液配方具有很好的携砂性能。
After broken, various formulations have no residue, no damage to earth. in comparison suspended sand performance with CMC and HPAM, fracturing fluid formulations have good sand carrying performance.
各个配方体系破胶后均无残渣，对地层无伤害。通过与CMC和HPAM在悬砂性能上的对比得出：压裂液配方具有很好的携砂性能。
After broken, various formulations have no residue, no damage to earth. in comparison suspended sand performance with CMC and HPAM, fracturing fluid formulations have good sand carrying performance.
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