但是没有34亿年前出现的单细胞生物的历史久。
But they don't beat single-celled organisms that emerged about 3.4 billion years ago.
近几年来五种单细胞生物的基因组计划得以完成。
Five genome projects on single cell microbes have been finished in recent years.
许多单细胞生物的防卫机制，在多细胞生物的所有细胞中保留下来，而其他机制仅存在于特化的细胞。
Many protective mechanisms of unicellular organisms were preserved in all cells of multi-cellular organisms, whereas others were preserved only in specialized cells.
他推断，已知的一些单细胞生物进入类似冬眠的状态，在没有空气和食物的情况下存活数年。
He reasoned that some single-celled creatures are known to enter a hibernation-like state and survive for years with no air or food.
在更新世和更早的海洋沉积物中埋藏的化石生物属于孔虫类生物，它们是微小的单细胞海洋生物，其分泌的硬壳由碳酸钙和方解石组成。
The fossils buried in Pleistocene and earlier ocean sediments were of foraminifera—small, single-celled marine organisms that secrete shells of calcium carbonate, or calcite.
植物的祖先是进行光合作用的单细胞生物，由此产生的植物可能缺乏真正的根、茎、叶和复杂的生殖结构，如花朵。
The ancestors of plants were photosynthetic single-celled organisms that gave rise to plants presumably lacked true roots, stems, leaves, and complex reproductive structures such as flowers.
毕竟，他推断，众所周知一些单细胞生物可以进入一种类似冬眠的状态，并在没有空气和水的状态下生存数年。
After all, he reasoned, some single-celled creatures are known to enter a hibernation-like state and survive for years with no air or food.
科学家们将不再把复杂的人造合成生物挤进一个小的单细胞。
No longer will scientists have to cram complicated synthetic biology into a single cell.
从人类的高度来看，单细胞生物是地球上的浮渣。
VIEWED from humanity's lofty heights, single-celled creatures are the scum of the earth.
他提出工业化规模培植（他形容为生物制造，而不是农业种养）转基因单细胞藻类，以便生产出即用燃料的碳氢化合物。
He proposes the industrial-scale culturing (biomanufacturing, as he describes it, rather than farming) of single-celled algae that have been genetically engineered to turn out fuel-ready hydrocarbons.
这种单细胞生物吃糖，而且繁殖迅速——如果有足够的食料，他们的种群数量可以每九十分钟增加一倍。
This single-celled fungus feeds on sugars and reproduces frequently—if it has enough to eat, a culture can double in population in 90 minutes.
嗅觉是动物的一个重要感官功能，而一项最新研究显示，细菌这种单细胞生物也有类似的“嗅觉”，它可以感知空气中的气味，并由此对周边环境做出判断。
Research has shown that bacteria - among the simplest life forms on Earth - have a sense of smell.
相比之下，水母的碳含量为体重的10%，而硅藻(是单细胞海藻，属常见的浮游生物)则为20%。
Jellyfish, by comparison, are 10% carbon, and diatoms (single-celled algae that are common in plankton) 20%.
我的老板是一位单细胞生物。
然而与进化上更古老的单细胞生物如细菌相比这些多细胞生命面临着一个非常不同的生理挑战。
But there was still a very different physiological challenge for these organisms than for the more evolutionarily ancient single-celled organisms such as bacteria.
科学家们早已知道在这一深度存在有生命，但他们认为存在的主要是单细胞生物。
Scientists have known for some time that life exists at such depths, but they thought it mostly consisted of single-celled organisms.
上图就是旧金山海湾的一个浮游生物网内聚集的单细胞植物硅藻——这种藻类在世界各大海洋都广泛分布。
The single-celled diatoms below—the likes of which are found in oceans worldwide—were collected with a plankton net in San Francisco Bay.
我们在那里发现的任何生命形式，以前都不曾见过——可能有病毒，我们还可能会发现细菌、古代细菌(其他单细胞生物)以及…真菌也有可能。
Any form of life we find there, we won't have encountered before - there will probably be viruses, and we may have bacteria, archaea (other single-celled organisms) and... maybe fungi.
这使单细胞生物产生了一种原始形式的视觉能力，使他们能够根据光亮和阴暗进行移动，它也使生物产生了一种控制电势的能力。
This gave them a crude form of vision, allowing them to move in response to light and shade, but also brought into biology a way of controlling electrical potential.
这对我们人类是够麻烦的，让一个没有神经的单细胞生物拥有自己的意愿。
That's something we humans have trouble enough with, let alone a single-celled organism without a neuron to call its own.
研究人过去一直认为，只有原核生物和原生生物这样的单细胞生物才能够在深海的缺氧环境中生存。
Researchers had thought that only single-celled organisms such as prokaryotes and protozoa could live in the oxygen-deprived environments of the deepest ocean.
浮游动物包含各种各样的小生物体，从单细胞原生动物到水母、磷虾和桡足类动物，为海洋食物链提供了基本的链接。
The zooplankton, which encompass a wide range of little organisms from single-cell protozoa to creatures such as jellyfish, krill and copepods, provide the basic link in the ocean food chain.
科学家们甚至还发现我们的神经系统和单细胞生物有着更为深层次的同源性。
Scientists are also discovering that our nervous system shares an even deeper homology with single-celled organisms.
虽然在生命的一段时间里只是普普通通的单细胞生物，有些时候却可以长成真正的外星形式。
While they spend part of their life as ordinary single-celled creatures, they sometimes grow into truly alien forms.
在如此深的地下发现生命再次表明了我们星球上大多数生物是生活在我们脚下岩石中强悍的单细胞生物。
The discovery of life-forms so deep underground strengthens the notion that most of the organisms on the planet are in fact hardy, single-celled creatures that live in the rock beneath our feet.
曾经一度认为有一个例外，是一种叫Giardia的单细胞寄生生物，常引起人体患鞭毛虫病。
There was thought to be one exception, however, in the form of Giardia, a single-celled parasite with a nasty effect on people.
单细胞生物大约出现于34亿年前的“原始汤”（primordial soup）。
Single-celled organisms emerged from the primordial soup about 3.4 billion years ago.
从CroV病毒的全称可以看出，它的宿主是海洋微型异养鞭毛虫(Cafeteriaroenbergensis)——一种直到1988年才发现的单细胞浮游生物。
CroV, as its full name suggests, is a parasite of Cafeteria roenbergensis, a single-celled planktonic organism that was itself discovered only in 1988.
从CroV病毒的全称可以看出，它的宿主是海洋微型异养鞭毛虫(Cafeteriaroenbergensis)——一种直到1988年才发现的单细胞浮游生物。
CroV, as its full name suggests, is a parasite of Cafeteria roenbergensis, a single-celled planktonic organism that was itself discovered only in 1988.
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