设计：自身前后对照的临床实验。
设计：回顾性分析及自身前后对照观察。
DESIGN: Retrospective analysis and self pre-and post-control observation.
将用适当的前后对照的方法来避免重复。
We will attempt to avoid duplication by appropriate cross references.
设计：前后对照研究。
设计：前后对照研究。
闯红灯照相机的随机或类对照试验及前后对照研究。
Randomised or quasi-controlled trials and controlled before-after studies of red-light cameras.
方法采用病例对照研究和中药治疗组自身前后对照研究。
Methods Case control study and self-control study in Chinese herbal treatment group were conducted.
通过自身前后对照和与对照组对照，对结果进行统计分析。
Through self control and compared to the control group, carry on the statistical analysis to the results.
有两个前后对照的研究发现学校改善交通计划增加了行走的量。
Two controlled before-after studies found that school travel interventions increased walking.
随机抽查一所教学医院的160名实习护士，通过培训前后对照比较洗手知识、程序地掌握及实际效果。
Methods 160 apprentices nurses in a teaching hospital are stochastically spot-checked, and the differences of knowledge, procedures and effects of hands-washing before and after training are compared.
方法采用自身前后对照研究，观察治疗4周后头痛疼痛程度、发作次数、持续时间和伴随症状的评分情况。
Methods The scores of pain extent, attack times, lasting time and accompanied symptoms of headache were investigated before treatment and after treatment of 4 weeks.
当然反射也是会影响到声音的频率，声音被反射的前后对照，是有不同的，尽管一些材料对声音的影响很小。
Of course it will also effect the freq. 's, and the reflected sound we'll be different then before it hit the surface, although some material have less of a impact on the sound.
方法：选取64例精神分裂症病人进行了音乐治疗前后对照研究，进行了BPRS、SANS、NOSIE的测定。
Methods: 64 chronic schizophrenic patients were treated with musical therapy and the effect was assessed with BPRS, SANS and NOSIE before and after the treatment.
检索到与临床功效和安全性相关的两个随机对照试验(rct)、一个前后对照研究、两个回顾性报告，以及18个药物动力学研究。
Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one before-and-after study and two retrospective reports on clinical efficacy and safety were retrieved, together with 18 pharmacokinetic studies.
方法对乘坐硬座车厢旅客采取自身前后对照方式，干预前后分别进行问卷调查和定性访谈，对采用的艾滋病健康教育材料和方式效果进行评价。
Methods Before-after study was applied in passengers of railway, and the questionnaire surveys and qualitatively interview were taken to analyze the effect of AIDS health education on them.
干预组进行了近12周健康教育选修课，采用了课堂教学、团体和个别辅导、同伴教育等，分别采用症状自评量表(SCL - 90)进行前后对照测试。
Those in the intervention group were given health education for nearly 12 weeks, including lecture, group and individual coaching, companion education, and other health education activities.
他谨慎指出，他们荟萃分析的某些研究，是在对照情况下，研究时间较短，来观察食物服用前后的效应。
He was cautious to point out that the specific studies they investigated were of short duration, looking at before and after effects, under controlled conditions.
情感性精神障碍治疗前后血清甲状腺激素水平的对照观察？
Serum thyroid hormones in patients with affective disorder before and after treatment?
对照组治疗前后对比无显著性差异。
Compared with before treatment, control group were insignificant differences.
比较实验组运动员服药前后的各项指标，以及与其对照组相比，均有显著性差异。
Compared with the control group, the various indicators of the experimental group athletes taking medicine had significant differences.
设计：随机、治疗前后自身对照研究。
DESIGN: a randomized self controlled study before and after treatment.
同时对消毒前后的细菌污染情况进行对照。
Bacterial pollution before and after sterilization was compared.
方法治疗组37例，对照组22例，测定治疗前后的宫高、腹围、胎儿双顶径，以及出生后的新生儿体重及胎盘重量。
Method: 37 cases of FGR were enrolled in treatment group and 22 cases of FGR were put into control group.
结果：在胃经沿线脂肪条带结构上三个位点针刺前后痛阈变化明显，在脂肪条带结构旁两个对照位点上针刺前后痛阈未见有意义改变。
Results: the pain threshold before and after acupuncture on points of fat strip structure along the stomach meridian varies obviously, and not the result of the points aside the fat strip structure.
应用红外摄像仪对冷水负荷和振动负荷前后接振工人及对照工人手部红外图像进行比较研究。
A study by infrared photography of the hands of workers exposed to vibration and of controls during a cold or vibratory loading test was carried out.
绘画艺术治疗干预研究采用完全随机化、干预组和对照组前后测设计。
Psychiatric, psychological and artwork assessments are given to the two groups before and after the intervention.
方法：采用随机、单盲、阳性药平行对照方法对186例患者治疗前后血清锌的变化进行临床观察。
Methods: Clinical observation on change of zinc in serum of 186 cases were adopted with methods of random, single blind, parallel and control study of positive medicine.
用自身对照方法，观察服灵芝前后铅、锌、铜、锰、铁、丙二醛和过氧歧化酶（SOD）活性的改变。
The effect of fonr trace elements, malonaldehyde(MDA )and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed with with. self-control method.
用自身对照方法，观察服灵芝前后铅、锌、铜、锰、铁、丙二醛和过氧歧化酶（SOD）活性的改变。
The effect of fonr trace elements, malonaldehyde(MDA )and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed with with. self-control method.
应用推荐