底线是，制药公司整体上在市场营销上的投资要多于在研发上的投资。
The bottom line is that pharmaceutical companies as a whole invest more in marketing than they do in research and development.
制药公司在咖啡杯、衬衫、雨伞和高尔夫球等促销产品上花费了数百万美元。
Millions of dollars are spent by pharmaceutical companies on promotional products like coffee mugs, shirts, umbrellas, and golf balls.
当一家制药公司有一种新药时，它会向加拿大卫生部申请销售许可证。
When a pharmaceutical company has a new drug, it applies to Health Canada for a licence to sell it.
这为制药行业松绑，这样，他们就可以开始治疗这种疾病，而不仅仅是治疗疾病的副作用。
It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects.
“它为制药行业松绑，这样他们就可以开始治疗这种疾病，而不仅仅是疾病的副作用。”他说。
"It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects," he said.
即使在感染你的时候，感冒病毒也会发生变异，而且新的病毒毒株经常出现，以至于当制药商研制出针对其中一种变异的疫苗时，血清已经过时了。
Colds mutate even while they're infecting you, and new strains pop up so often that by the time drug-makers create a vaccine against one variation, the serum is already out of date.
如果软件在拯救生命方面可望达到药物的水平，那么大数据也可能会和大型制药公司一样行事。
If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as big pharma has done.
如果软件能够像现在的药物一样拯救生命，那么大数据就有望像大型制药公司那样发挥作用。
If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharma has done.
已经开发出抑制药物来阻断其中两种蛋白质，以减缓感染后疾病的进程。
Inhibitor drugs have been developed to block two of the proteins, to slow progression of the disease after infection.
他们贿赂便宜的仿制药对手。
现在，制药公司希望能在12到18个月内研制出有效的疫苗。
Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.
如果加拿大的定价水平也适用于美国，制药行业的利润率将会下降，新药开发的步伐将会放缓。
If Canada level pricing came to the United States, the industry's profit margins would drop and the pace of new drug development would slow.
杏子生物科技有限公司是一家制药公司。
最大的赢家包括明治食品公司、以及盐野义制药株式会社、中外制药株式会社和安斯泰来制药厂这三家制药公司。
The largest gains were seen by food company Meiji, and three pharmaceutical companies: Shionogi &Co., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., and Astellas.
法国制药公司赛诺菲-安万特也在就一种口服药物特立氟胺开展大型临床试验。
France's Sanofi-Aventis is carrying out large clinical trials of an oral drug called teriflunomide.
他还声称这为制药公司缔造了绝妙机会。
And he says that created this incredible opportunity for drug companies.
就连制药公司也已引起了他的关注。
这代表着制药政策上的巨大变化。
法国的制药游说团体力量强大。
但除了调整销售方式，制药企业还有很多事要做。
But drugs companies will have to do more than tweak their sales methods.
制药公司不赞成改变现行的审批制度。
Pharmaceutical companies argue against changing the current approval system.
当然这对制药行业的人来说是件好事。
Of course this is good for the folks that produce pharmaceuticals.
其答案正是困扰制药公司的核心问题。
制药公司也同样受到影响。
制药巨头们还掌握着大量的现金。
现在连制药公司也加入。
至少，制药企业仍然盈利。
Pharmaceuticals companies, at least, are still making profits.
但你可以看到，制药公司的研发投入往往比科技公司更多，谷歌公司在这方面的支出只及大型制药公司的一半。
But you can see that drug companies tend to spend more than those in the tech sector. Google spends half as much as a big pharmaceutical firm.
一家于2008年转向生物仿制制药的美国制药公司---默克公司认为进入生物仿制制药这个领域的障碍是如此之大以至于“只有几家”公司有能力成功进入。
Michael Kamarck of Merck, an American drugs firm which moved into biosimilars in 2008, thinks the barriers to entry are so great that “only a handful” of firms will be able to pull it off.
大制药公司指出，授权的仿制药能够压低仿制品的价格。
The big drug firms point out that authorised generics drive down the price of copies.
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