直到Dinallo先生开始行动，为大约24亿美元债券担保的“单一证券”保险公司的越来越可怕的降级和破产，预示更糟。
The looming downgrades-and possible bankruptcies-of the “monoline” insurers of some $2.4 trillion of bonds boded worse until Mr Dinallo moved.
美国国际集团、房丽美、房地美、通用电气、市立债券担保人——美国债券保险公司、MBIA都曾经拥有3A的评级。
The American International Group, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, General Electric and the municipal bond guarantors Ambac Financial and MBIA all had triple-A ratings.
有些人主张发行“欧洲债券”，从而为德国提供一种对意大利、西班牙、希腊和其他身处困境的国家债务的担保方式。
Some have called for the creation of "euro bonds," which would be a way for Germany to guarantee the debt of Italy, Spain, Greece and other troubled countries.
美银与“两房”还有许多方面需要讨价还价的。“两方”，房利美和房地美，处理是呆账担保和个人债券保险业务的房地产金融机构。
BofA still has lots of haggling to do with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the housing-finance agencies that guaranteed piles of duff loans, and with private bond insurers.
这种债券由欧盟作为整体提供担保，可以为问题的国家提供一条防止陷入信心下降、借贷成本上升恶性循环的一条途径。
Since these bonds would be guaranteed by the European Union as a whole, they would offer a way for troubled economies to avoid vicious circles of falling confidence and rising borrowing costs.
从七月上旬开始，这片区域里的银行就已经卖不出任何一款长期无担保债券了。
Banks across the region have been unable to sell any long-term unsecured bonds since early July.
作为应对之方，欧元区国家同意提供“信用增级”---如担保之类的措施--，以使欧洲央行能继续接受希腊债券。
To counteract that, the euro-zone countries committed to providing "credit enhancement"?guarantees or other measures?that would allow the ECB to continue to accept Greek debt.
如果危机变得太过严重，欧盟有可能被迫发行由全体成员国担保的欧洲债券，来清偿到期债务。
It's possible that the crisis will become so severe that the eu will be forced to issue euro bonds, guaranteed by all the member nations, to cover the debt.
作为应对之方，欧元区国家同意提供“信用增级”- - -如担保之类的措施——，以使欧洲央行能继续接受希腊债券。
To counteract that, the euro-zone countries committed to providing "credit enhancement" -guarantees or other measures-that would allow the ECB to continue to accept Greek debt.
这些债券将由所有欧元区国家共同担保，因此自然由信用等级最高的国家承担违约责任。
These would be jointly guaranteed by all euro-area countries and thus underwritten in particular by the most creditworthy of them.
美国国债收益率和房利美担保的抵押贷款债券收益率之间的利率已经缩小了大约0.7个百分点。
The difference in yields on Treasury debt and mortgage bonds guaranteed by Fannie has narrowed roughly 0.7 percentage points.
此次救援采取的方式可能是对再融资债券进行担保，或者由救援国直接购买这些债券。
Help may take the form of a guarantee on refinancing bonds or an outright purchase of those bonds by Greece’s rescuers.
一些德高望重的观察家，如《金融时报》的马丁.沃尔夫指出，可以通过对其所有成员国债券提供整体担保的方式结束危机。
Esteemed observers such as the Financial Times’s Martin Wolf have argued that blanket guarantees of all members’ bonds would end the crisis.
首批发行的债券有主权担保的，大约是全部的6,85 %，已经被超额认购了。
The first tranches of bonds, offering 6.85% and a sovereign guarantee, were oversubscribed.
在无担保债权人中，高级债券持有者在银行清算时能于第一顺位受偿，因而没有那么多的担心。
Senior debtholders, who rank first in the hierarchy of unsecured creditors if a bank is liquidated, have less to worry about.
诸如担保债券等筹资工具将会在危机时提供给投资者银行资产负债表和抵押贷款本身的有关信息。
Funding instruments like covered bonds would give investors recourse to Banks' balance-sheets as well as the mortgages themselves in times of crisis.
如果实行了这项制度，EFSF不担保全部现有的意大利和西班牙债券(也没有资金全部担保)。
If the scheme goes ahead and the EFSF does not insure all existing Italian and Spanish debt (it doesn't have the money to do so), some bonds will have a guarantee and some won't.
也就是说，当穆迪将一种债务担保证券、一种公司债券和一种主权债券均评为AA级，那就意味着穆迪认为这三种债券的信用程度是相同的。
So when Moody's says a collateralized debt obligation, a corporate bond and a sovereign issue are all rated AA, the implication is that the three types of bonds are equally healthy.
比起借贷成本的增加，更多的担忧集中在欧洲央行不接受希腊债券作为附属担保品的可能性上。
More worrying for Greece even than the rising cost of borrowing is that it may soon find its bonds are not accepted as collateral by the European Central Bank (ECB).
11月23日，欧洲委员会拿出了发行欧洲债券的三种思路，其中两种都暗示共同担保。
On November 23rd the European Commission laid out three approaches for issuing Eurobonds, two of which imply mutual guarantees.
CDO以次级抵押贷款债券、商业抵押贷款证券和其他资产作为担保。
These securities are collateralized debt obligations backed by subprime-mortgage bonds, commercial-mortgage loans and other assets.
因为担心对公司的信贷供应，日本央行12月2日同意向商业银行贷款时接受高风险公司债券作为担保。
Anxious about the supply of credit to firms, the bank of Japan agreed on December 2nd to accept riskier corporate bonds as collateral when it lends to commercial Banks.
大众的财务在二月初的时候说公司已经得到了20亿欧元（合25亿美元）的国家担保来发行汽车债券。
Volkswagen's finance unit said earlier this month it had received up to two billion euros (2.5 billion dollars) in state guarantees for refinancing car loans.
这些基金不拥有股票或债券类的资产，但它们能和投行进行衍生交易，投行则担保将目标标准点的收益传到账上。
These funds do not own assets like shares or bonds; instead they arrange a derivative deal with an investment bank, which guarantees to deliver the return of the targeted benchmark.
跟通过联合担保而发行的欧元债券不同，欧洲金融稳定基金背后的国家担保机制让每个国家只承担一小部分担保责任，责任大小跟这些欧元区国家的经济体大小成正比。
Unlike jointly underwritten Eurobonds, the national guarantees backing the EFSF puts each state on the line for only a share of it, broadly in line with its weight in the euro-area economy.
这将使希腊债券持有者的损失得不到担保，促使他们对赌意大利债券等其他以欧元计价的债券来对冲风险。
That would leave many holders of Greek debt without protection from losses, encouraging them to hedge their risk by betting against other euro-denominated debt like Italy's.
这将使希腊债券持有者的损失得不到担保，促使他们对赌意大利债券等其他以欧元计价的债券来对冲风险。
That would leave many holders of Greek debt without protection from losses, encouraging them to hedge their risk by betting against other euro-denominated debt like Italy's.
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