现代语言学在19世纪作为一个独立的领域出现。
Modern linguistics emerged as a distinct field in the nineteenth century.
该校提供两个模块用于英语作为外语的教学，即语言教学的原理方法和应用语言学。
The school offers two modules in Teaching English as a Foreign Language, viz. Principles and Methods of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics.
研究人员还承认，在一些领域中，作为一个概念，种族可能在科学研究中仍然有用：作为一个政治和社会变量，而不是生物学变量。
The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as a political and social, but not biological, variable.
在教科书中，图形作为学科语言的一部分使用，如数学或经济学中，或作为学习辅助工具使用。
Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids.
作为一名动物学教授，我同意艾玛·马里斯的观点，即动物园的展览可能是悲剧的、残忍的。
As a zoology professor, I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel.
杜·波依斯担心，种族会被用来作为生物学层面上的一种解释，并用以说明他所理解的不同人群之间的社会和文化差异。
Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people.
尤其是像你们这样具有挑战性的题目：导致社会学作为一门学科出现的因素。
Especially with a challenging topic like yours: factors leading to the emergence of sociology as an academic discipline.
例如，英语经常是各种会议的通用语，天文学、儿童心理学和动物学等领域的许多期刊文章都将英语作为一种默认语言。
It is often a lingua franca of conferences, for example, and many journal articles in fields as diverse as astronomy, child psychology and zoology have English as a kind of default language.
他说，作为局外人，女性“更有可能独立思考，或者至少会把经济学专业以外的人视为同辈。”
Women, as outsiders, "are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group," he says.
你无法争辩，这个年轻人是一个想要在经济学上有所作为的人，而他现在是一位经济学教授。
You could not debate that young man was someone who wanted to make a difference in economics and he is today a professor of economics.
你无法争辩，这个年轻人是一个想要在经济学上有所作为的人，而他现在是一位经济学教授。
You could not debate that that young man was someone who wanted to make a difference in economics and he is today a professor of economics.
逻辑学在这里是作为单独一门课来讲授的。
这项发现自1863年开始作为血管学的一个分支研究领域。
This finding of a vascular component has been around since 1863.
作为一个小组，版本工程学在变更管理领域具备丰富的经验。
As a group, Release Engineering has tremendous experience in the area of Change Management.
答：新标准的建立以母乳喂养作为生物学规范，以母乳喂养婴儿为生长和发育的标准。
A: the new standard establishes breastfeeding as the biological norm and the breastfed infant as the standard for growth and development.
他作为一名学者，也作为发展经济学领域的一名实践者，拥有非常令人尊敬的业绩记录。
He has a very respected record as an academic, but also as a practitioner in development economics.
作为一名市场营销学专家，佛赫斯看到了金钱与快乐之间的这种联系其对企业拥有者的潜在帮助。
As a marketing expert, Vohs sees the potential for a link between money and happiness as an aid for business owners.
我们已经选择了气象学的一个子类作为这个服务的分类，还将这个服务划分为一个仅限于美国的服务。
We have picked a sub-category of meteorology for categorizing the service, and have also categorized it as a United States-only service.
遗传学作为一门科学已经存在150多年了，它为医学和历史学提供了强大的工具。
Genetics as a science has been around for over 150 years and has been a powerful tool for both medicine and history.
有些人甚至把听歌作为学英语的主要途径，然而大多数都失败了。
Some people choose English songs to be the "main learning approach", which most are failed.
世界银行集团2007年启动的《性别行动计划》(GAP)(作为明智经济学的性别平等)发挥了重要的作用。
Launched in 2007, the Bank Group's Gender Action Plan (GAP) -gender Equality as Smart Economics — has played a central role.
世界银行集团2007年启动的《性别行动计划》(GAP)(作为明智经济学的性别平等)发挥了重要的作用。
Launched in 2007, the Bank Group's Gender Action Plan (GAP) - Gender Equality as Smart Economics — has played a central role.
加利福尼亚大学的经济学教授贝利·艾池格林认为，单一的货币——就像美元那样——作为储备货币是没有理由的。
Barry Eichengreen, a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, argues that there is no reason why a single currency should dominate reserves as the dollar has.
由于在生物学和性别方面存有的差异，作为男性或女性对健康具有重大影响。
Being a man or a woman has a significant impact on health, as a result of both biological and gender-related differences.
蜜蜂经常被作为学习神经生物学的模型——它们可以被训练，用正负强化法保留信息。
Honeybees are frequently used as a neurobiological model for learning-they can be trained, using positive or negative reinforcement, to retain information.
诺贝尔正在使很多学校参与这项计划以鼓励将工程学作为一门职业的兴趣。
Mr Noble is involving schools in the project to encourage interest in engineering as a career.
在处理排泄物上，经济学可以作为一个关键的铆钉。
In tackling the shit problem, economics could well be a clincher.
在处理排泄物上，经济学可以作为一个关键的铆钉。
In tackling the shit problem, economics could well be a clincher.
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