网卡驱动程序控制着网卡的通信过程，并为上层程序提供应用编程接口(API)。
NIC device driver controls the process of network card, and at the same time the device driver provides some application programming interfaces (APIs) for high layers.
他们讨论了一个有两层的应用程序结构：底层由一些功能组件组成，上层则由应用程序的流逻辑组成。
They discussed an application structure with two layers: the bottom layer is made up of functional components, while the top consists of the flow logic of the application.
virtio_driver结构定义上层设备驱动程序、驱动程序支持的设备ID的列表、一个特性表单（取决于设备类型）和一个回调函数列表。
The virtio_driver structure defines the upper-level device driver, list of device IDs that the driver supports, a features table (dependent upon the device type), and a list of callback functions.
Linux中mtd子系统的主要目标是在系统的硬件驱动程序和上层，或用户模块之间提供通用接口。
The main aim of the MTD subsystem in Linux is to provide a generic interface between the hardware drivers and the upper layers, or user modules, of the system.
因此，对于像国际象棋和围棋这样的大型博弈游戏来说，计算机程序不可能遍历所有结果，而是仅仅通过最上层的几个步骤来判断胜负。
Thus, for large games like Chess and Go, computer programs are forced to estimate who is winning or losing by focusing on just the top portion of the entire tree.
测试系统硬件设计包括对信号调理模块和数据采集模块的设计，软件设计包括接口函数和上层应用程序设计。
The design of hardware includes signal conditioning module and data acquisition module. The design of software includes interface program and upper layer program.
为了更好地支持上层通信协议和应用软件的开发，该系统还提供了无线通信接口和应用程序框架。
For the development of upper layer communication protocols and application software, this system also provides wireless communication interfaces and application program framework.
ST应用程序接口-STAPI负责底层硬件视音频解码和显示的驱动，并向上层软件提供良好的编程接口。
ST Application programming Interface-STAPI drives the underlying hardware, video and audio decoder and display devices, and provides the upper software easy programming interface.
该通用通讯程序能够封装多种底层协议，为上层应用提供统一的调用接口，方便使用。
This program can encapsulate some system protocol, provide up-application with uniform interface, be easily used.
接下来的交互动作产生的另一个对话框或者应用程序可以遮盖这个对话框，但应该有明显的办法使其返回到最上层。
Subsequent user interactions may obscure the dialog with another dialog or application, but it should always be obvious how to restore the dialog to prominence.
控制器底层函数在编写成功后一般不再修改，但是上层控制程序却需要随着控制流程的改变而重新编写。
The bottom functions usually don't need to be modified after written. But the control programs usually have to be written again when the control process changed.
该设计方案由PCI总线接口板、实验平台板、设备驱动程序及上层软件三个部分组成。
This scheme includes three parts: PCI Bus interface board, experiment flat board and device driver high-level software.
它由只由设备驱动程序初始化和访问，更上层的应用不必考虑。
They are initialized and accessed only within the device driver; higher layers do not need to care about them.
介绍了该设计的原理，并选择了具体的元器件型号，给出了该通道的硬件结构图。并进一步给出了USB固件程序、驱动程序以及上层应用程序的设计方法。
And it introduces the theory of the design, selects specific chip, introduces the hardware of the channel, and brings forward the method of designing USB firmware, driver, and application.
控制系统的软件设计包括底层驱动程序设计和上层应用程序设计两方面。
The software design of control system includes the driver program design and application program design.
应用程序提供了对蓝牙连接接口CM的调用，并为上层软件提供服务。
CM may be called by the application and provide service for upper software.
在CCS集成开发环境下，完成了DSP监测系统低层系统程序和上层应用程序的开发以及程序的FLASH固化。
The low-level system programs, upper application programs and the writing FLASH of the DSP monitoring system are completed by using CCS integrated development environment.
该设计方案由PCI总线接口板、实验平台板、设备驱动程序及上层应用软件三个部分组成。
This scheme includes three parts: PCI Bus interface board, experimental platform device driver and high-level software.
系统不占用主机系统资源，对上层的文件系统和应用程序透明，可以降低上层软件设计的复杂程度。
This system does not occupy the host resources and is transparent to the upper level file system and applications. Moreover, it can reduce the complexity of the upper level software design.
自订控制项的主机是控制项本身的HWND，而非是应用程序视窗或任何其他可能包含最上层控制项群组的视窗。
The host of a custom control is the HWND of the control itself, not the application window or any other window that might contain groups of top-level controls.
在概念模型中，实体类型是以属性建构而成的，用于描述最上层概念的结构，例如商务应用程序中的客户和订单。
In a conceptual model, entity types are constructed from properties and describe the structure of top-level concepts, such as a customers and orders in a business application.
其他如登录成预设播放程序、增加捷径至桌面、最上层显示，亦提供使用者相当的便利性。
If pre-recorded broadcast into other processes and increase the shortcut to the desktop, the top indicates, and to provide users with considerable convenience.
其中的一个例子就是上层协议的网络程序中的会话状态。
One example is the session states of many high layer protocols.
同时，第三层交换机的驱动程序还要与上层软件交互，为上层软件提供服务。
Simultaneously, the device driver interacts with the up layer software, and provides services for them.
USB功能驱动程序由设备开发者编写，位于USB总线驱动程序的上层，通过向USB总线驱动程序发送USB请求包，来实现对USB设备信息的发送或接收。
USB Function device driver is designed by client, it lies the up layer of USB Bus device driver, it sends and receives information from USB device by send URB to USB Bus device driver.
设备抽象层为上层应用程序提供了一套标准的、与设备无关的通信接口，并且通过文件描述表、设备描述表和驱动描述表建立了从通信接口到设备驱动的映射。
The device Abstract Layer provides a set of standard communication interface functions unrelated with specific device, which is mapped to device drivers by file table, device table and driver table.
常见的实现方式是在并行文件系统上层再加入一个可以获取并行程序数据访问模式的层次—并行I/O库。
The common implementation is just adding an I/O library between the applications and the file system to acquire the access pattern of parallel applications.
常见的实现方式是在并行文件系统上层再加入一个可以获取并行程序数据访问模式的层次—并行I/O库。
The common implementation is just adding an I/O library between the applications and the file system to acquire the access pattern of parallel applications.
应用推荐