结论在一定时间间隔和安全用量范围内，使用低浓度地卡因反复表面麻醉是安全有效的，是慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉鼻内窥镜手术的较佳选择。
Conclusions the repeated surface anaesthesia with low-concentration Dicaine is safe and effective, and it is a better choice in endoscopic surgery for chronic nasosinusitis and nasal polyp.
结论：局部麻醉加基础麻醉下行鼻内镜下经鼻腔蝶窦垂体肿瘤切除术简单、安全，且效果好。
Conclusion: Local anesthesia and sedation is a simple, safe and good selection for resection of pituitary neoplasms by endoscopic transnasal sphenoidal approach.
目的：观察麻醉机呼吸环路气体低、中、高流量设置和呼吸环路加入人工鼻对气道内吸入气温度和湿度的影响。
Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effects of heat and moisture exchanger filter (HMEF) on temperature and humidity of inhaled gas in airway.
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