象牙塔资产经常提供得太迟了，对其预期的受众不能产生价值，或者有太多的冗余，在实践中没有用。

Ivory tower assets are often provided too late to be of value to their intended audience or have far too much baggage to be of use in practice.

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通常我们认为当对资产的未来价值的预期上升时，现价会走高，而减少资产的现时需求量。

Normally we think that when expectations about future value of an asset go up, the current price will rise, reducing the current demand for that asset.

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如果你预期一项债券(有可能是受一系列抵押资产支持的债券)将出现违约，你可以购买保险，以弥补债券价值的损失。

If there is a bond that you expect to go into default (it might be a bond backed by a collection of mortgages), you can buy insurance against the resulting loss in the bond's value.

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