一般情况下，不鼓励在SQL中使用字面值，而是主张使用变量或参数，因为字面值会使每个语句具有独特性，这会降低缓存的命中率。

Use of literals instead of variables or parameters is generally discouraged within SQL because it makes each statement unique, which drives down cache hit ratios.

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购买一份真实收益率为2%的10年期债券，当面值为1000美元时，债券最初付息是20美元。

Take a bond with a 2% real yield maturing in ten years’ time; the bond will pay an initial $20 on a face value of $1, 000.

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如果债券的名义收益率7％或优惠券，在103元（1030美元）的溢价购买，那么您油尖旺将计算出较低的，因为只有7％的利息支付给1000美元的面值。

If a bond has a 7% nominal yield or coupon and was purchased at a premium of $103 ($1030), then your YTM will calculate lower because the 7% interest is only paid to the $1000 par.

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