雌球花又称大孢子叶球，是裸子植物的生殖器官，着生在当年春季新生长枝的顶端，一至两个。裸子植物的孢子叶大多聚生成球果状，称为孢子叶球或球花。大孢子叶球由大孢子叶聚生而成。大孢子叶球腹面（近轴面）生有一至多个胚珠，珠心中的一个大孢子母细胞经减数分裂产生四个大孢子，仅远珠孔端的一个大孢子发育成雌配子体。
可见半面树冠雌球花法 method of half-visible femal flowers in crown
雄性不育株的雌球花发育正常，并能正常开花、授粉和结籽。
The female cone of the male sterile plant can blossom, pollinate and bear seeds normally.
雄球花序中的不育胚珠和雄球花以及雌球花序中的胚珠均起源于环状总苞基部的分生组织。
The abortive ovules and male flowers in male cone inflorescence and the ovules in female cone inflorescence are originated from an annular meristem which differentiates from the base of each collar.
根据种子园亲本数目与雌、雄球花产量的关系，建立数学模型，提出了一种评价种子园各亲本配子贡献的数量方法——平衡指数法。
The mathematical model is established on the basis of the relation between the number and the production of male and female flowers of parents in seed orchard.
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