银行恐慌(bank panic),是指银行体系中众多银行倒闭。银行恐慌使通过银行的间接融资活动减少,引起投资缩减和总体经济活动水平下降,对经济产生严重的不利影响。同时,银行倒闭意味着存款者的利益受到损害。银行恐慌是存款者与银行之间信息不对称,存款者对银行资产质量信息缺乏了解,这会导致银行恐慌的发生。
挤兑行为不仅会破坏问题银行的清偿力并造成倒闭,而且会通过“传染” (Contagion)造成“银行恐慌”(Banking Panics)而引起一系列银行破产倒闭, 即所谓的“多米诺效应”(Domino Effect),最终导致整个银行体系的危机。
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银行恐慌的根本性理论 Fundamental theory
银行恐慌存款人对银行系统失去信心并从银行取走所有或大部分资金的情况。
Bank Panic a situation where depositors lose confidence in the banking system and withdraw all or a majority of their funds from the bank.
1931年夏,一系列起源于中欧的银行恐慌,将“金融瘟疫”传播到英国,并继而传播到美国、法国和全世界。
In the summer of 1931, a series of bank panics emanated from central Europe and spread financial contagion, to Great Britain, and then to the US and France and the whole world.
存款保险制度可以保护存款人利益,稳定社会公众信心,防范和化解银行恐慌,维护银行业的整体安全。
Deposit Insurance System can protect depositor's interest, stabilize public confidence, prevents the bank panic and maintenance the whole banking's security.
What would happen is there would be a panic; " people would say they're not paying on the notes.
这会导致恐慌的发生;,人们会说:“银行没有兑现纸币。
The government was panicked because the banks didn't have enough money to give it to them, so the government shut down the bank accounts and it led to rioting in the streets.
这令政府感到恐慌,因为银行没有足够的资金支付给提款者,所以政府冻结了银行账户,这导致了街头暴乱
If banks get in trouble and they can't pay out -if one bank gets in trouble and can't pay out on its deposits, then that can bring the whole system down because it can cause a panic among investors -among depositors and banks -and create a run on a bank.
如果银行出现问题而且他们无法支付...,如果一家银行出现问题,并且无法支付提取的存款,那么这就会使得整个系统崩溃,因为这会在投资者中引起恐慌...,在存款人和银行中引起恐慌,并且造成银行挤兑
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