上行离子主要分布在近地空间，其通量密度相对于地心距离呈负梯度。
The ionospheric up flowing ion mainly distributes in the near geo space and its flux has a negative gradient versus geo center distance.
模型表明主城对卫星城市的经济扩散通量与其间交通通道的通过能力及两城市间的产业梯度呈正比。
The model indicates that the economic spread flux of central city to satellite city is in proportion to the capacity of traffic passages and industrial gradient between them.
还提出了计算某些物理量的梯度、平流和通量的方法。
Similar technique is applicable to calculation of physical quantities, such as gradient, advection and flux.
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