因此，有必要研究和借鉴国外的行政程序违法法律责任机制。
Therefore, it is necessary to research and draw lessons from overseas for its legal liability mechanism of the illegal administrative procedure.
公法责任则通常主要依赖公共执法机制，即由国家执法机关对于违法行为调查起诉或直接施加惩罚，罚款或罚金归于国家而不是归于受害人。
In the latter the public departments execute the law by investigating and prosecuting illegal behaviors, and apply punishments directly, fines and mulct owe to the country not to the victim.
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