利用菲涅耳基尔霍夫衍射积分和非线性近轴波动方程，在远场近似及光学薄近似条件下，得出了位相调制产生“热像”出现的位置及强度满足的解析关系。
According to the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral and nonlinear paraxial wave equation, we derive the functional relationship of the intensity of hot image and its location.
研究了经双凸透镜两个光具面 L_1和 L_2的透射光线和反射光线的近轴成像规律，以此说明其像群的形成。
The rule of adaxial image formation is studied, of the transmission light and reflected light through the two optical surfaces L_1 and L_2 of the biconvex lens.
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