其中车辆路线问题(Vehicle Routing Problem，VRP)是物流中关键的一环，对其进行优化调度，可以提高物流经济效益。
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...le Routing Problem ; VRP ; vehicle routingproblems with backhauls 的车辆路线问题 vehicle routingproblems with backhauls ; Vehicle Routing Problem ..
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... -l和文献 E73求解经典车辆路径问题（Vehicle Routing Prob— lem，VRP）和开放式车辆路线问题（Open Vehicle Routing Problem，OVRP）时，取得了较好的结果， 本文用它作为求解框架。
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周期性车辆路线问题 PVRP ; periodic vehicle routing problem
的车辆路线问题 vehicle routingproblems with backhauls ; Vehicle Routing Problem ; VRPB
求解车辆路线问题 Vehicle Routing Problem ; VRP
是车辆路线问题 vehicle routing problem ; VRP
定位车辆路线问题 location routing problems ; LRP
提出了车辆路线问题 Vehicle Routing Problem ; VRP
多车种车辆路线问题 fleet size and mixed vehicle routing problem
和车辆路线问题 vehicle routing Problem ; VRP
时窗限制车辆路线问题 VRPTW
由于定位-车辆路线问题是组合优化问题中一个典型的NP难题，大规模时难以精确求解。
It is difficult to solve in large scale because the LRP is a typical NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization.
将典型的车辆路线问题扩展为综合考虑了客户具有软时间窗约束和中央仓库拥有多种类型配送车辆的情况。
The typical vehicle routing problem is expanded to the situation that customers have the restriction of soft time Windows and a depot has various kinds of vehicles to distribute.
本文基于现实的问题提出了一类特殊的车辆路线问题（VRP）—任意客户需求量的车辆路线问题（VRPFD）。
In this paper, we presented a kind of special vehicle routing problem(VRP) based on reality- vehicle routing problem with facultative demands(VRPFD).
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