Fourthly, the author reviews the history of the directive complement chu.
第四,对“出”类趋向补语的历时发展过程及其虚化机制进行了考察。
参考来源 - “V出”及其相关问题考察·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
复合趋向补语的引申意义有其认知上的理据。
The extensional meaning of compound directional complement has its cognitive basis.
现代汉语的很多介词和相当一部分结果补语、趋向补语是由动词虚化而来的。
Many prepositions and large quantities of complements of results and direction in modern Chinese results from the grammaticalization of verbs.
文章指出宾语类推泛化是日语母语学习者习得趋向补语的主要问题，这种类推泛化既有语内迁移的影响，也有语际迁移的影响。
The paper points out that overgeneralization of object is the main problem and the overgeneralization is affected by either intra-lingual transfer or inter-lingual transfer.
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