本文首先回顾了以往学者的研究文献，对国内外学者对技术性贸易壁垒的研究方法和研究成果进行了归纳。
This paper reviews the research literature in the past, on technical barriers to trade and foreign research methods and research findings were summarized.
国际贸易的重力模型方法对量化研究双边贸易中的地理因素是非常成功的。
The gravity model approach to international trade proves to be effective in the quantitative study of the geographical factors influencing bilateral trade.
本文首先介绍了国际贸易中污染避难所实证研究所使用的典型方法，然后就污染避难所的涵义进行了界定并对主要的实证研究文献进行了回顾。
The article firstly introduces the typical methodology of empirical research of pollution haven analysis, and then explores the concept of pollution haven and reviews the major empirical references.
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