决策角色中的一类，作出或批准组织中的重大决策，例如制定日程，寻求权威，作出预算，安排下属的工作。
在大多数前工业化国家，不同资源分配的问题是通过长途贸易网络解决的，而终端消费者对长途贸易网络的控制很少。
In most of the preindustrial world, the problem of different resource distribution was resolved by long-distance trade networks over which the end consumer exercised little control.
领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源，包括员工的专业技能。
Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely—including staff expertise.
另一个极端是“竞争者”，他们几乎把所有的资源都投入到建立一个庞大的身体上，而只把最少的资源分配到繁殖上。
At the other extreme are "competitors", almost all of whose resources are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction.
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