指示是人类语言的普遍现象。
委婉语是一种语言的普遍现象，许多委婉语是通过隐喻构成的。
Euphemism is a common phenomenon of language. Many euphemisms are constructed through metaphor.
补偿机制是自然语言的普遍现象，不同语言、不同层次结构有不同的补偿机制。
Compensation mechanism is a universal phenomenon in natural language and it applies accordingly to different languages and language levels.
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