两次测试共有12个理解测试项目，12个话语产出项目。

Across the two sessions, there were 12 comprehension test items and 12 production test items.

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语用学是研究语言在语境中的使用的一门科学。现代语用学研究的重点已经从话语产出转移到话语理解。

Pragmatics is roughly defined as the study of language use in context, and modern pragmatics has shifted its attention from the study of utterance production to primarily utterance interpretation.

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为了达到语言学习的这一终极目的，增加产出性词汇量，把语法知识熟练地应用于话语产出中就变得尤其重要。

In order to achieve this final aim, productive vocabulary and fluent usage of all grammatical rules in sentences making become especially important in learning a foreign language.

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