地球表面的第一层土。一般由腐殖质和黏土组成。
尼罗河虽然在一年的大部分时间里平静而祥和，但是过去每年都会泛滥，从而生成、灌溉并把新的表层土搬运到附近的古埃及人赖以为生的农田。
Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood.
村民会被劝说建造更多的梯田好让表层土不被冲刷掉。
Villagers may be persuaded to build terraces to stop topsoil running off.
一周以后，当工人将最上层的表层土夯实以后，臭味就消失了。
A week later, no smell could be detected as the workers tamped down a final layer of topsoil.
应用推荐