表土是泥土的最高层，一般将覆盖于基岩之上的第四纪冲积层和岩石风化带统称为表土层。由于表土层土质松软、稳定性差、变化大，含水量一般比较丰富，通常在顶部20至30厘米。表土是泥土中含有最多有机质和微生物的地方。
n. surface soil ; topsoil
The representation of pollen in surface soil is different from families and genera.
表土花粉的代表性因种属的不同而各有差异。
参考来源 - 若尔盖地区24000年以来植被记录的环境变化研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
它像一台巨大的扫雪机一样冲下陡峭的山坡，卷走了树木、巨石和成吨的表土，将沿途的六个村庄彻底摧毁。
As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snowplough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.
尼罗河在一年的大部分时间里平静而祥和，过去每年都会泛滥，从而创造，灌溉并把新的表土运到附近的农田，古埃及赖以生存。
Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland, on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood.
种植时只消把干鳞茎埋入表土即可。
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