苦谛是小乘佛教的基本教义“四谛”说中之一，根据对现实的深刻观察，佛总结出人生的八大痛苦：生、老、病、死、爱别离、怨憎会、求不得、五蕴炽盛。世间有情悉皆是苦，有漏皆苦，即所谓“苦谛”。说明世间有情悉皆是苦，即所谓有漏皆苦。
n. suffering
misc. duhkha-satya
有了对此全面真相的直接体验，禅修者体证第二圣谛：集谛（苦因）。
With this direct experience of truth in its entirety, the meditator witnesses the Second Noble Truth: the cause of suffering.
比丘们，我对前所未闻之法，升起视眼、升起洞见、升起明辨、升起知识、升起光明：‘此为苦止息圣谛’。
Vision arose, insight arose, discernment arose, knowledge arose, illumination arose within me with regard to things never heard before: 'This is the noble truth of the cessation of stress.'
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