结果导致NTEL的主要病因有：开放性腹部损伤；腹壁、网膜或系膜损伤，腹膜后血肿，肝脾外伤后导致的腹腔积血。
Results The main causes for NTEL included open abdominal injuries, peritoneal hemorrhage from abdominal wall, omentum or mesentery injury, retroperitoneal hematoma, liver or splenic injury.
目的探讨腹腔镜外科技术在直肠全系膜切除术（TME）的应用。
Objective To evaluate the application of laparoscopic surgery for total mesorectal excision (TME).
目的探讨腹腔镜下阑尾切除术(la)阑尾系膜免钛夹处理的可行性。
Objective to investigate the feasibility of dealing with the mesenterium of appendix without using titanium nip in laparoscopic appendectomy (la).
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