划幅小―果划程比所需要的短，就会过多地引起肌肉紧缩，因而使肌纤维膜过度紧张和疼痛。
Lack of Stroke Length- strokes that are shorter than what is required cause too many contractions and therefore excessive muscle fatigue and pain.
循环儿茶酚胺升高对心肌细胞产生直接的毒性作 用、增加膜通透性和心肌纤维化，这些作用可引起细胞死亡。
The increase of circulating catecholamines exerts direct toxic effect on cardiac myocytes, increases membrane permeability and myocardial fibrosis;
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