在人类身上做的研究都是观测性的。结果表明，使用手机与癌症有一定联系，但不是因果关系。
The human studies all are observational, showing only an association between cellphone use and cancer, not a causal relationship.
前两项研究属于观察性研究，仅发现低钠摄入量与心血管疾病风险存在一种联系，但并非因果关系。
But the first two were observational and found only an association between such low sodium intake and cardiovascular risk, not a cause-and-effect relationship.
该原则与遥远性、因果关系及侵权中的可预见性等相关概念既有区别又有联系。
There are both distinctions and relations between foreseeability and remoteness, causation, foreseeability in torts.
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