重要的是应用程序框架可以在多个应用程序上利用，因为事实上它是贯穿业务领域的公共功能，或管路。
Importantly, the application framework can be leveraged across multiple applications as it is in fact the common functionality, or plumbing, that cuts across business domains.
使用已证实的应用程序框架将减少“管路”缺陷的发生率，然而，业务功能仍旧需要测试。
Using proven application frameworks will decrease the incidence of "plumbing" defects; however, the business functionality still needs to be tested.
“这种红外热成像技术已经使用多年，应用于多种领域，从天文学到法律的实施，到军事，”普拉姆岛动物疾病中心研究主管路易斯·罗德里格斯说。
“This IRT technology has been used for years and has applications for a variety of fields, from astronomy to law enforcement to the military,” says PIADC research leader Luis Rodriguez.
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