基质条件和人为影响是豫北沙地植被演替的主要因素。主要的演替形式是由无植被向固定沙地稳定群落的进化型演替。

The major succession processes of vegetation association are consistent with the process from which the shifting sand turned into fixed sand . the models of succession series are: Comm.

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在这种情况下，顶极群落将被认为是最稳定的，因为根据定义，它随着时间推移所产生的变化最小。

In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time.

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在这种情况下，顶极群落会是最脆弱和最不稳定的，因为它们可能需要数百年才能恢复到顶极状态。

In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.

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