社会进化论是将变异、自然选择和遗传等生物学概念用于社会学研究,进而解释社会变迁的一种社会学理论。社会进化论认为,人类社会和生物有机体是相似的,人类社会是自然界的延续,进化是自然界的普遍规律,也是人类社会历史变迁的自然规律。
斯宾塞相信社会会根据进化论的原则演变。
Spencer believed that society changed according to evolutionary laws.
这一方面是因为生物学中的进化论和遗传学知识在当时的社会中得到了广泛的传播,生物学又涉及非常广泛的人生问题;
The reason was that the theory of evolution and the knowledge of genetics had been communicated in Chinese society at that time, and the knowledge of biology was related with extensive fields of life.
因此,康有为的社会进化思想不是导源于西方进化论,而是来自儒家今文经学。
Kangs concept of social evolution was therefore not derived from the Western theory of evolution, but from the Confuci...
And so you've got this tension between what might be evolutionarily wired impulses and the kind of social constraints that say this isn't good, this isn't appropriate, this is taboo.
因此,两者之间有冲突,一方面,从进化论角度来看,你有这样的冲动,但是从社会建构的立场看,这不合适,是社会禁忌。
I didn't get into it at all in this experiment--in this lecture-- but there's an interesting debate going on about love and many other emotions between people who take a kind of evolutionary perspective on these states versus people who take what might be called a more socially constructed perspective.
我没有在这讲座中的实验中涉及-,但是这是关于爱,和其他情感有趣的争论,有人从进化论的角度来探讨,还有人可能从,更像社会建构的立场出发。
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