由于葡萄球菌脂磷壁酸分子（在表皮中或外皮层找到的主要细胞类型）作用在角化细胞上产生了这个结果。

The effect occurs because of a molecule called staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid that acts on keratinocytes, the primary cell type found in the epidermis – or outer skin layer.

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磷尽管发挥的作用较小但也有类似功效，都是为了保护发电机的阀动装置。

The phosphorus plays a similar, though lesser, role in protecting the engine’s valve gear.

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但是，当大规模的火山作用向海洋输送了更多磷时，就改变了可用的磷数量，从而导致那些缺氧事件。

But when massive volcanism delivered more, it changed the amount of phosphorous available, and drove these anoxic events.

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