总督和巡抚合称督抚，明清两代的地方军政长官。督抚有权决定徒刑的判决，对流刑、充军、发遣可以做终审判决，但需要报请刑部复核。
总督和巡抚 civilandmilitarygovernors
Observing and studying the change of local governors and inspectors is one of visual angles through which we can know political development and evolvement at the end of Qing Dynasty.
考察清末最后十来年间地方督抚的转变,是了解晚清政治发展演变的一个视角。
参考来源 - 地方督抚与时而变的典型It includes the surface is very broad, looked on the whole, mainly has observe the courtyard, to supervise the censor, the inspector censor and the imperial inspector four big supervision systems.
它包括的面很广,大体上看,主要有都察院、监察御史、巡按御史和督抚四大监察体系。
参考来源 - 明代御史制度探微·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
本部分论述了贵州督抚的设立原因及其设立过程。
In this part, the reason for establishing of the Guizhou governor and itsAbstractprocess are discussed.
丁日昌是近代中国一位有争议的地方督抚大员、洋务实干家。
TING Jih-ch'ang was a disputed local governor and western affairs practiser in modern China.
通过对地方督抚制度的研究，可以使我们更深刻地理解整个督抚制。
The study of the regional system can make contribution to the more profound understanding of the whole system.
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