如果人们相信你的表扬是基于他们的聪明程度,这将会产生相反行为的风险,结果产生与你想要的完全相反的效果。
If people believe that your praise is based on the fact that they are smart it can create risk adverse behavior, have quite the opposite effect that you want.
相反,诸如季节性温度变化等高频波动是可以观察到的,而且在某种程度上是可以预测的,因此群体可以相应地调整它们的行为。
In contrast, high-frequency fluctuations such as seasonal temperature variations are observable and somewhat predictable, so that groups could have adapted their behaviors accordingly.
他们打哈欠似乎与困倦或者无聊没有任何关系,但恰恰相反,打哈欠这一行为的确出现在了活动水平的变化之前。
Their yawning seems to have nothing to do with sleepiness or boredom—quite the reverse—but it does precede a change in activity level.
Rather, you reward approximations to it.
相反,你需要对接近行为进行奖励。
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