我们在直角坐标系中处理，在这里dV有可能变成，或者它们的其他排列。

Well, we can do that in rectangular coordinates dz dx dy where dV becomes something like, maybe, dz dx dy, or any permutation of these.

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基于对轧件与轧辊截交线的分析，提出了在二维直角坐标系中确定轧件咬入接触点的方法。

Based on analyzing the intersection curve between the rolled-piece and roll, the method of determining the nip point is put forward.

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在水下被动目标跟踪系统中，直角坐标系下的扩展卡尔曼滤波器容易发散而导致滤波精度很差。

Concerning the problem to instability and low accuracy of the passive filter on bearings-only target tracking, a modified adaptive Extended Kalman filter algorithm on polar coordinate is presented.

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