天体运动直接影响降水和气温的周期变化，进而在一定的下垫面条件下，影响径流的周期变化。
Firstly, it directly influences the periodic variation of precipitation and air temperature, then influences the periodic variation of runoff based on the underlying surface.
台风及西风槽强度的改变将直接导致中尺度系统强度的变化，从而造成降水强度的不同。
Furthermore, intensity changes of westerly trough would directly lead to intensity changes of mesoscale systems and thus lead to different rainfall.
大气热源的异常是通过直接影响垂直运动场的异常，进而影响到我国的夏季降水的异常。
The summer rainfall in China is influenced directly by the abnormal vertical motion, which is related closely to the abnormal heat sources in the atmosphere.
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