在象空间中的直接体绘制方法中，本文提出了一种新的估计表面法向量的方法。

And a new method to estimate the normal vector of the surface in Direct Voltime Rendering in Image Space is introduced.

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基于信息扩散理论提出直接估计低温冷害、干旱和洪涝的风险评估方法，以低温冷害为例，将计算结果与风险指数法和主观频率法做比较。

This research raised the method in risk assessment of low temperature and cold damage, drought and flood disaster based on information diffusion theory.

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首先，本文从信号参数(幅度、频率、相位)估计入手，研究了直接法、细化频谱法和高精度FFT法等算法。

First of all, starting with the estimate of signal parameter (e. g. amplitude, frequency and phasic), it makes a research in algorithms of direct, subdivide the spectrum, high-precision FFT and so on.

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