许多因素参与导致周围神经破坏，但也有一些必须的机制导致痛觉异常。

There are many factors involved in causing peripheral nerve damage, but also essential mechanisms of pain perception appear to be abnormal.

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超前镇痛是通过防止外周和中枢敏化来降低伤害性刺激引起的痛觉过敏和痛觉异常的一种镇痛方法。

Preemptive analgesia is one of the analgesia measures which decreases the incidence of hyperalgesia and allodynia by reducing peripheral and central sensitization.

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背景：慢性痛包括痛觉过敏和痛觉感觉异常，是患者感到难以忍受和临床缺乏治疗手段的一种病理现象。

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain, including hyperalgesia and algesthesia paresthesia, is pathological phenomenons making the patients felt unendurable and lacking of clinical treatments.

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